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of neostigmine and pyridostigmine.Anesthesiology

41:27–33, 1974.

339. Rupp SM, McChristian JW, Miller RD, et al: Neos-

tigmine and edrophonium antagonism of varying

intensity neuromuscular blockade induced by atra-

curium, pancuronium, or vecuronium. Anesthesio-

logy 64:711–717, 1986.

340. Engbaek J, Ording H, Ostergaard D, Viby-Mogen-

sen J: Edrophonium and neostigmine for reversal of

the neuromuscular blocking effect of vecuronium.

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 29:544–546, 1985.

341. Donati F, Smith CE, Bevan DR: Dose-response rela-

tionships for edrophonium and neostigmine as

antagonists of moderate and profound atracurium

blockade. Anesth Analg 68:13–19, 1989.

342. Naguib M, Abdulatif M: Priming with anti-choli-

nesterases—the effect of different combinations of

anti-cholinesterases and different priming intervals.

Can J Anaesth 35:47–52, 1988.

343. Savarese JJ. Reversal of nondepolarizing blocks:

More controversial than ever?

In

Review Course

Lectures, 67th Congress. Cleveland, OH, Internatio-

nal Anesthesia Research Society, 1993.

344. Bevan DR, Smith CE, Donati F: Postoperative neu-

romuscular blockade: A comparison between atra-

curium,

vecuronium,

and

pancuronium.

Anesthesiology 69:272–276, 1988.

345. Gencarelli PJ, Miller RD: Antagonism of org NC 45

(vecuronium) and pancuronium neuromuscular

blockade by neostigmine. Br J Anaesth 54:53–56,

1982.

346. Naguib M, Abdulatif M, al-Ghamdi A, et al: Dose-

response relationships for edrophonium and neos-

tigmine antagonism of mivacurium-induced

neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth 71:709–714,

1993.

347. Kao YJ, Le ND: The reversal of profound mivacu-

rium-induced neuromuscular blockade. Can J

Anaesth 43:1128–1133, 1996.

348. Naguib M, Selim M, Bakhamees HS, et al: Enzyma-

tic versus pharmacologic antagonism of profound

mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.

Anesthesiology 84:1051–1059, 1996.

349. Naguib M, Daoud W, el-Gammal M, et al: Enzyma-

tic antagonism of mivacurium-induced neuromus-

cular blockade by human plasma cholinesterase.

Anesthesiology 83:694–701, 1995.

350. Naguib M, Samarkandi AH, Bakhamees HS, et al:

Edrophonium and human plasma cholinesterase

combination for antagonism of mivacurium-indu-

ced neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth 77:424–426,

1996.

351. Morita T, Tsukagoshi H, Sugaya T, et al: Inadequate

antagonism of vecuronium-induced neuromuscu-

lar block by neostigmine during sevoflurane or

isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 80:1175–1180,

1995.

352. Reid JE, Breslin DS, Mirakhur RK, Hayes AH: Neos-

tigmine antagonism of rocuronium block during

anesthesia with sevoflurane, isoflurane or propofol.

Can J Anaesth 48:351–355, 2001.

353. Lowry DW, Mirakhur RK, McCarthy GJ, et al: Neu-

romuscular effects of rocuronium during sevoflu-

rane, isoflurane, and intravenous anesthesia.Anesth

Analg 87:936–940, 1998.

354. Astley BA, Katz RL, Payne JP: Electrical and mecha-

nical responses after neuromuscular blockade with

vecuronium, and subsequent antagonism with

neostigmine or edrophonium. Br J Anaesth 59:983–

988, 1987.

355. Goldhill DR, Wainwright AP, Stuart CS, Flynn PJ:

Neostigmine after spontaneous recovery from neu-

romuscular blockade. Effect on depth of blockade

monitored with train-of-four and tetanic stimuli.

Anaesthesia 44:293–299, 1989.

356. Miller RD, Roderick LL: Acid-base balance and

neostigmine antagonism of pancuronium neuro-

muscular blockade. Br J Anaesth 50:317–324, 1978.

357. Miller RD, Van Nyhuis LS, Eger EI 2nd, Way WL:

The effect of acid-base balance on neostigmine

antagonism of

d

-tubocurarine–induced neuromus-

cular blockade. Anesthesiology 42:377–383, 1975.

358. Miller RD, Roderick LL: Diuretic-induced hypoka-

laemia, pancuronium neuromuscular blockade and

its antagonism by neostigmine. Br J Anaesth

50:541–544, 1978.

359. Jones RM, Cashman JN, Casson WR, Broadbent

MP: Verapamil potentiation of neuromuscular

blockade: Failure of reversal with neostigmine but

prompt reversal with edrophonium. Anesth Analg

64:1021–1025, 1985.

360. Wali FA: Interaction of verapamil with gallamine

and pancuronium and reversal of combined neuro-

muscular blockade with neostigmine and edropho-

nium. Eur J Anaesthesiol 3:385–393, 1986.

361. Salem MG, Richardson JC, Meadows GA, et al:

Comparison between glycopyrrolate and atropine

in a mixture with neostigmine for reversal of neu-

romuscular blockade. Studies in patients following

open heart surgery. Br J Anaesth 57:184–187, 1985.

362. van Vlymen JM, Parlow JL: The effects of reversal

of neuromuscular blockade on autonomic control

in the perioperative period. Anesth Analg 84:148–

154, 1997.

363. Ding Y, Fredman B, White PF: Use of mivacurium

during laparoscopic surgery: Effect of reversal

drugs on postoperative recovery. Anesth Analg

78:450–454, 1994.

364. Boeke AJ, de Lange JJ, van Druenen B, Langemeijer

JJ: Effect of antagonizing residual neuromuscular

block by neostigmine and atropine on postopera-

tive vomiting. Br J Anaesth 72:654–656, 1994.

365. Hovorka J, Korttila K, Nelskyla K, et al: Reversal of

neuromuscular blockade with neostigmine has no

effect on the incidence or severity of postoperative

nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 85:1359–1361,

1997.

366. Tramer MR, Fuchs-Buder T: Omitting antagonism

of neuromuscular block: Effect on postoperative

nausea and vomiting and risk of residual paralysis.A

systematic review. Br J Anaesth 82:379–386, 1999.

367. Debaene B, Plaud B, Dilly MP, Donati F: Residual

paralysis in the PACU after a single intubating dose

of nondepolarizing muscle relaxant with an inter-

mediate duration of action. Anesthesiology

98:1042–1048, 2003.

368. Cronnelly R, Stanski DR, Miller RD, et al: Renal

function and the pharmacokinetics of neostigmine

in anesthetized man. Anesthesiology 51:222–226,

1979.

369. Cronnelly R, Stanski DR, Miller RD, Sheiner LB:

Pyridostigmine kinetics with and without renal

function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 28:78–81, 1980.

370. Morris RB, Cronnelly R, Miller RD, et al: Pharmaco-

kinetics of edrophonium in anephric and renal trans-

plant patients. Br J Anaesth 53:1311–1314, 1981.

371. Morris RB, Cronnelly R, Miller RD, et al: Pharma-

cokinetics of edrophonium and neostigmine when

antagonizing

d

-tubocurarine neuromuscular bloc-

kade in man. Anesthesiology 54:399–401, 1981.

372. Kopman AF: Edrophonium antagonism of pancu-

ronium-induced neuromuscular blockade in man:

A reappraisal. Anesthesiology 51:139–142, 1979.

373. Miller RD: Sugammadex: An opportunity to change

the practice of anesthesiology? Anesth Analg

104:477–478, 2007.

374. Bom A, Bradley M, Cameron K, et al: A novel

concept of reversing neuromuscular block: Chemi-

cal encapsulation of rocuronium bromide by a

cyclodextrin-based synthetic host. Angew Chem

41:266–270, 2002.

375. Adam JM, Bennett DJ, Bom A, et al: Cyclodextrin-

derived host molecules as reversal agents for the

neuromuscular blocker rocuronium bromide: Syn-

thesis and structure-activity relationships. J Med

Chem 45:1806–1816, 2002.

376. Baker MT, Naguib M: Propofol: The challenges of

formulation. Anesthesiology 103:860–876, 2005.

377. Epemolu O, Bom A, Hope F, Mason R: Reversal of

neuromuscular blockade and simultaneous

increase in plasma rocuronium concentration

after the intravenous infusion of the novel reversal

agent Org 25969. Anesthesiology 99:632–637,

2003.

378. de Boer HD, van Egmond J, van de Pol F, et al:

Reversal of profound rocuronium neuromuscular

blockade by sugammadex in anesthetized rhesus

monkeys. Anesthesiology 104:718–723, 2006.

379. Gijsenbergh F, Ramael S, Houwing N, van Iersel T:

First human exposure of Org 25969, a novel agent

to reverse the action of rocuronium bromide.Anes-

thesiology 103:695–703, 2005.

380. Sparr HJ, Vermeyen KM, Beaufort AM, et al: Early

reversal of profound rocuronium-induced neuro-

muscular blockade by sugammadex in a randomized

multicenter study: Efficacy, safety, and pharmacoki-

netics. Anesthesiology 106:935–943, 2007.

381. Sorgenfrei IF, Norrild K, Larsen PB, et al: Reversal

of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block by

the selective relaxant binding agent sugammadex: A

dose-finding and safety study. Anesthesiology

104:667–674, 2006.

382. Suy K, Morias K, Cammu G, et al: Effective reversal

of moderate rocuronium- or vecuronium-induced

neuromuscular block with sugammadex, a selective

relaxant binding agent. Anesthesiology 106:283–

288, 2007.

383. Eleveld DJ, Kuizenga K, Proost JH, Wierda JM: A

temporary decrease in twitch response during

reversal of rocuronium-induced muscle relaxation

with a small dose of sugammadex. Anesth Analg

104:582–584, 2007.

384. Groudine SB, Soto R, Lien C, et al: A randomized,

dose-finding, phase II study of the selective relaxant

binding drug, sugammadex, capable of safely rever-

sing profound rocuronium-induced neuromuscular

block. Anesth Analg 104:555–562, 2007.

385. Sacan O, White PF, Tufanogullari B, Klein K: Suga-

mmadex reversal of rocuronium-induced neuro-

muscular

blockade:

A

comparison

with

neostigmine-glycopyrrolate and edrophonium-

atropine. Anesth Analg 104:569–574, 2007.

386. Vanacker BF, Vermeyen KM, Struys MM, et al:

Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular

block with the novel drug sugammadex is equally

effective under maintenance anesthesia with propo-

fol or sevoflurane. Anesth Analg 104:563–568,

2007.

387. Shields M, Giovannelli M, Mirakhur RK, et al: Org

25969 (sugammadex), a selective relaxant binding

agent for antagonism of prolonged rocuronium-

induced neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth 96:36–

43, 2006.

388. Baraka A: Onset of neuromuscular block in myas-

thenic patients. Br J Anaesth 69:227–228, 1992.

389. de Boer HD, Driessen JJ, Marcus MA, et al: Reversal

of rocuronium-induced (1.2mg/kg) profound neu-

romuscular block by sugammadex: A multicenter,

dose-finding and safety study. Anesthesiology

107:239–244, 2007.

390. Lee C, Jahr JS, Candiotti K, et al. Reversal of pro-

found rocuroniumNMB with sugammadex is faster

than recovery from succinylcholine [abstract A988].

Presented at the annual meeting of the American

Association of Anesthesiologists, San Francisco,

2007.

391. Naguib M: Sugammadex: Another milestone in cli-

nical neuromuscular pharmacology. Anesth Analg

104:575–581, 2007.

392. de Boer HD, van Egmond J, van de Pol F, et al:

Sugammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromus-

cular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthe-

tized Rhesus monkey. Br J Anaesth 96:473–479,

2006.

393. Zhang MQ: Drug-specific cyclodextrins: The future

of rapid neuromuscular block reversal? Drugs

Future 28:347–354, 2003.

Farmacología de los relajantes musculares y sus antagonistas

675

19

Sección II

Farmacología y anestesia

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