2468 / 2894
231. Castro O, Brambilla DJ, Thorington B, et al: The
acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease: Inci-
dence and risk factors. Blood 84:643, 1994.
232. Dearth J, Salter M, Wilson E, et al: Early deaths in
acute leukemia in children. Med Pediatr Oncol
11:225, 1983.
233. Wald BR, Heisel MA, Ortega JA: Frequency of early
death in children with acute leukemia with hyper-
leukocytosis. Cancer 50:150, 1982.
234. Cohen LF, Balow JE, Magrath IT, et al: Acute tumor
lysis syndrome: A review of 37 patients with Burkitt’s
lymphoma. Am J Med 68:486, 1980.
235. King RM, Telander RL, Smithson WA: Primary
mediastinal tumors in children. J Pediatr Surg
17:512, 1982.
236. Halpern S, Chatten J, Meadows AT: Anterior
mediastinal masses: Anesthetic hazards and other
problems. J Pediatr 102:407, 1983.
237. Hammer GB: Anaesthetic management for the child
with a mediastinal mass. Paediatr Anaesth 14:95,
2004.
238. Wilson CB: Immunologic basis of increased suscep-
tibility of the neonate to infection. J Pediatr 108:1,
1986.
239. Pass RF: Viral infections in the fetus and neonate.
In
Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG (eds): Pediatric
Infectious Diseases. New York, Churchill Livings-
tone, 1997, p 614.
240. Harris MC, Polio RA: Neonatal septicemia. Pediatr
Clin North Am 30:243, 1983.
241. Bone RC: Toward a theory regarding the pathoge-
nesis of the systemic inflammatory response syn-
drome: What we do and do not know about cytokine
regulation. Crit Care Med 24:163, 1996.
242. Slotman GJ, Fisher CJ, Bone RC, et al: Detrimental
effects of high-dose methylprednisolone sodium
succinate on serum concentrations of hepatic and
renal function indicators in severe sepsis and septic
shock: The methylprednisolone study group. Crit
Care Med 21:191, 1993.
243. Herzig RH, Herzig GP, Graw KG, et al: Successful
granulocyte transfusion therapy for gram negative
septicemia. N Engl J Med 296:70, 1977.
244. Feigin RD, Matson DO: Opportunistic infections:
The compromised host.
In
Feigin RD, Cherry JD
(eds). Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, vol
1, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1987, p
1013.
245. Perez Mato S, Van Dyke RB: Pulmonary infections
in children with HIV infection. Semin Respir Infect
17:33, 2002.
246. Rothenberger D, Quattleebaum FW, Perry JF, et al:
Blunt maternal trauma: A review of 103 cases. J
Trauma 18:173, 1978.
247. Eichelberger MR, Randolph JG: Pediatric trauma:
An algorithm for diagnosis and therapy. J Trauma
23:91, 1983.
248. Rivara FP: Epidemiology of childhood injuries. Am
J Dis Child 136:399, 1982.
249. Dykes EH, Spence LJ, Bohn DJ, et al: Evaluation of
pediatric trauma care in Ontario. J Trauma 29:724,
1989.
250. Subcommittee of Advanced Trauma Life Support of
the American College of Surgeons Committee on
Trauma: Advanced Trauma Life Support Student
Manual. Chicago, American College of Surgeons,
1989.
251. Kissoon N, Dreyer J, Walia M: Pediatric trauma:
Differences in pathophysiology, injury patterns, and
treatment compared with adult trauma. Can Med
Assoc J 142:27, 1990.
252. Fiser DH: Intraosseous infusion. N Engl J Med
322:1579, 1990.
253. Breaux CW Jr, Smith G, Georgeson KE: The first two
years’ experience with major trauma at a pediatric
trauma center. J Trauma 30:37, 1990.
254. Hoelzer DJ, Brian MB, Balsava VJ, et al: Selection
and nonoperative management of pediatric blunt
trauma patients: The role of quantitative crystalloid
resuscitation and abdominal ultrasonography. J
Trauma 26:57, 1986.
255. Fazen LE, Lovejoy FH, Crone RK: Acute poisoning
in a general pediatric hospital. Pediatrics 77:144,
1986.
256. Riordan M, Rylance G, Berry K: Poisoning in chil-
dren 1: General management. Arch Dis Child
87:392, 2002.
257. Black RE, Mayer T, Walker ML, et al: Air transport
of pediatric emergency cases. N Engl J Med
307:1465, 1982.
258. Simon JE, Smookler S, Guy B: A regionalized appro-
ach to pediatric emergency care. Pediatr Clin North
Am 28:677, 1981.
259. Shannon DC, Kelly DH: SIDS and near-SIDS. I. N
Engl J Med 306:959, 1982.
260. Tarby TJ, Volpe JJ: Intraventricular hemorrhage in
the premature infant. Pediatr Clin North Am
29:1077, 1982.
261. Bratton SL, Jardine DS, Morray JP: Serial neurologic
examinations after near drowning and outcome.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 148:167, 1994.
262. Bunton G, Durbin GM, McIntosh N, et al: Necroti-
zing enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child 52:772, 1977.
263. Cowley RA, Hankins JR, Jones RT, et al: Pathology
and pathophysiology of the liver.
In
Cowley RA,
Trump BF (eds): Pathophysiology of Shock, Anoxia,
and Ischemia. Baltimore, Williams &Wilkins, 1982,
p 285.
264. Bergland S, Norman M, Grunwald S, et al: Neonatal
resuscitation after severe asphyxia—a critical eva-
luation of 177 Swedish cases. Acta Paediatr 97:714,
2008.
265. Halamek LP: The simulated delivery-room environ-
ment as the future modality for acquiring and main-
taining skills in fetal and neonatal resuscitation.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 13:448, 2008.
266. Yarnell R, Biehl DR, Tweed WA, et al: The effect of
halothane anesthesia on the asphyxiated foetal lamb
in utero. Can J Anaesth 30:24, 1983.
267. Cohn HE, Sacks FJ, Heymann MA, et al: Cardiovas-
cular responses to hypokalemia and acidemia in
fetal lambs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 120:817, 1974.
268. Boyle DW, Hosk K, Zerbe GO: Fetal fluid limb
oxygen consumption and blood flow during acute
hypoxia. Pediatr Res 28:94, 1990.
269. Fisher DJ, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM: Fetal myo-
cardial oxygen and carbohydrate consumption
during acutely induced hypoxemia. Am J Physiol
242:H657, 1982.
270. Ruth VJ, Raivio KO: Perinatal brain damage: Predic-
tive value of metabolic acidosis and the Apgar score.
BMJ 297:24, 1988.
271. Forsbald K, Kallen K, Marsal K, et al: Apgar score
predicts short-term outcome in infants born at 25
gestational weeks. Acta Paediatr 96:166, 2007.
272. Sola A, Rogido MR, Deulofeut R: Oxygen as a neo-
natal hazard: Call for détente in clinical practice.
Acta Paediatr 96:801, 2007.
273. Saustad OD: Resuscitation of newborn infants with
room air or oxygen. Semin Neonatol 6:2339, 2001.
274. Kutzsche S, Ilves P, Kirkeby OJ, Saugstad OD:
Hydrogen peroxide production in leukocytes during
cerebral hypoxia and reoxygenation with 100% or
21% oxygen in newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 49:834,
2001.
275. Hoen T, Felderhoff U, Altstaedt J, et al: Hyperoxia-
and hypoxia-mediated activation of polymorpho-
nuclear leukocytes: A comparison of cord and adult
venous blood. Resuscitation 51:63, 2001.
276. Wada K, Jobe AH, Ikegame M: Tidal volume effects
on surfactant treatment responses with the initia-
tion of breathing. J Appl Physiol 83:1054, 1997.
277. Jennis MS, Peabody JC: Pulse oximetry: An alterna-
tive method for the assessment of oxygenation in
newborn infants. Pediatrics 79:524, 1987.
278. Wilkinson AR, Phibbs RH, Gregory GA: Conti-
nuous measurement of oxygen saturation in sick
newborn infants. J Pediatr 93:1016, 1978.
279. Bjorklund LJ, Ingimarsson J, Curstedt T, et al:
Manual ventilation with a few large breaths at birth
compromises the therapeutic effect of subsequent
surfactant replacement in immature lambs. Pediatr
Res 42:348, 1997.
280. Kingman JD: Acute retrolental fibroplasia. Arch
Ophthalmol 95:39, 1977.
281. Rubatelli DM, Hirose T: Retinopathy of prematurity
update. Int Opthalmol Clin 48:225, 2008.
282. Katz VL, Bowes WA Jr: Meconium aspiration syn-
drome: Reflections on a murky subject. Am J Obstet
Gynecol 166:171, 1992.
283. Wiswell TE: Handling the meconium-stained infant.
Semin Neonatol 6:225, 2001.
284. Wiswell TE: Advances in the treatment of the meco-
nium aspiration syndrome. Acta Paediatr 90
(Suppl):28, 2001.
285. Walsh MC, Fanaroff JM: Meconium stained fluid:
Approach to the mother and the baby. Clin Perinatol
34:653, 2007.
286. Pretlow RA: Hand-powered apparatus for aspira-
tion of meconium from the airway. Pediatrics
79:642, 1987.
287. Wiswell TE, Knight GR, Finer NN, et al: Amulticen-
ter, randomized, controlled trial comparing Surfaxin
(Lucinactant) lavage with standard care for
treatment of meconium aspiration syndrome.
Pediatrics 109:1081, 2002.
288. Kuhns LR, Bednarek FJ, WymanML, et al: Diagnosis
of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum in the
neonate by transillumination. Pediatrics 56:355,
1975.
289. Jobe A, Ikegami M: Surfactant for the treatment of
respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis
136:1256, 1987.
290. Phibbs RH, Ballard RA, Clements JA: Initial clinical
trial on EXOSURF, a protein free synthetic surfac-
tant for the prophylaxis and early treatment of
hyaline membrane disease. Pediatrics 88:1, 1991.
291. Hoekstra RE, Jackson JC, Myers TF, et al: Improved
neonatal survival following multiple doses of bovine
surfactant in very premature neonates at risk for
respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatrics 88:10,
1991.
292. Jobe AH, Ikegami M: Lung development and
function in preterm infants in the surfactant
treatment era. Annu Rev Physiol 62:825, 2000.
293. Verder H, Albertsen P, Ebbesen F, et al: Nasal conti-
nuous positive airway pressure and early surfactant
therapy for respiratory distress syndrome in new-
borns of less than 30 weeks’ gestation. Pediatrics
103:E24, 1999.
294. Rudolph AM, Yuen S: Response of the pulmonary
vasculature to hypoxia and H ion concentration
changes. J Clin Invest 45:399, 1966.
295. Lou HC, Lassen NA, Friis-Hansen B: Is arterial
hypertension crucial for the development of cere-
bral hemorrhage in premature infants? Lancet
1:1215, 1979.
296. Oei J, Askie LM, Lui K: Attitudes of neonatal clini-
cians towards resuscitation of the extremely prema-
ture infant: An exploratory survey. J Pediatr Child
Health 36:357, 2000.
297. Van Reempts PJ, Van Acker KJ: Ethical aspects of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation in premature neona-
tes: Where do we stand? Resuscitation 51:225, 2001.
298. Piecuch RE, Leonard CH, Cooper BA, et al: Outcome
of infants born at 24-26 weeks’ gestation. II. Neuro-
developmental outcome. Obstet Gynecol 90:809,
1997.
2468
Anestesia pediátrica
V