186. Coselli JS, Conklin LD, LeMaire SA: Thoracoabdo-
minal aortic aneurysm repair: Review and update
of current strategies. Ann Thorac Surg 74:S1881-
S1884, discussion S1892-S1898, 2002.
187. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al: Expe-
rience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdo-
minal aortic operations. J Vasc Surg 17:357-368,
discussion 368-370, 1993.
188. Achouh PE, Madsen K, Miller CC 3rd, et al: Gastro-
intestinal complications after descending thoracic
and thoracoabdominal aortic repairs: A 14-year
experience. J Vasc Surg 44:442-446, 2006.
189. Svensson LG, Hess KR, Coselli JS, et al: A prospec-
tive study of respiratory failure after high-risk
surgery on the thoracoabdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg
14:271-282, 1991.
190. Coselli JS, LeMaire SA, Conklin LD, Adams GJ: Left
heart bypass during descending thoracic aortic
aneurysm repair does not reduce the incidence of
paraplegia. Ann Thorac Surg 77:1298-1303, 2004,
discussion 1303.
191. Mori M, Chuma R, Kiichi Y, et al: The anesthetic
management of a patient with a thoracic aortic
aneurysm that caused compression of the left
mainstem bronchus and the right pulmonary artery.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 7:579-584, 1993.
192. Gorman RB, Merritt WT, Greenspun H, et al: Aneu-
rysmal compression of the trachea and right mains-
tem bronchus complicating thoracoabdominal
aneurysm repair. Anesthesiology 79:1424-1427, 1993.
193. Meylaerts SA, Jacobs MJ, van Iterson V, et al: Com-
parison of transcranial motor evoked potentials and
somatosensory evoked potentials during thora-
coabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Surg
230:742-749, 1999.
194. Schepens MA, Boezeman EH, Hamerlijnck RP, et al:
Somatosensory evoked potentials during exclusion
and reperfusion of critical aortic segments in tho-
racoabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. J Card
Surg 9:692-702, 1994.
195. Drenger B, Parker SD, McPherson RW, et al: Spinal
cord stimulation evoked potentials during thora-
coabdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Anesthesio-
logy 76:689-695, 1992.
196. Crawford ES, Mizrahi EM, Hess KR, et al: The
impact of distal aortic perfusion and somatosen-
sory evoked potential monitoring on prevention of
paraplegia after aortic aneurysm operation. JThorac
Cardiovasc Surg 95:357-367, 1988.
197. Katz NM, Blackstone EH, Kirklin JW, Karp RB:
Incremental risk factors for spinal cord injury
following operation for acute traumatic aortic tran-
section. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 81:669-674,
1981.
198. Tefera G, Acher CW, Wynn MM: Clamp and sew
techniques in thoracoabdominal aortic surgery
using naloxone and CSF drainage. Semin Vasc Surg
13:325-330, 2000.
199. Frank SM, Parker SD, Rock P, et al: Moderate hypo-
thermia, with partial bypass and segmental sequen-
tial repair for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm.
J Vasc Surg 19:687-697, 1994.
200. Ueda Y, Miki S, Kusuhara K, et al: Surgical treatment
of aneurysm or dissection involving the ascending
aorta and aortic arch, utilizing circulatory arrest
and retrograde cerebral perfusion. J Cardiovasc
Surg (Torino) 31:553-558, 1990.
201. Takamoto S, Matsuda T, Harada M, et al: Simple
hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion during
aortic arch replacement. A preliminary report on
two successful cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
104:1106-1109, 1992.
202. Coselli JS, Bozinovski J, Cheung C: Hypothermic
circulatory arrest: Safety and efficacy in the opera-
tive treatment of descending and thoracoabdomi-
nal aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 85:956-963,
discussion 964, 2008.
203. Rokkas CK, Kouchoukos NT: Profound hypother-
mia for spinal cord protection in operations on the
descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta.
Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 10:57-60, 1998.
204. Fehrenbacher JW, Hart DW, Huddleston E, et al:
Optimal end-organ protection for thoracic and tho-
racoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair using deep
hypothermic circulatory arrest. Ann Thorac Surg
83:1041-1046, 2007.
205. Patel HJ, Shillingford MS, Mihalik S, et al: Resection
of the descending thoracic aorta: Outcomes after
use of hypothermic circulatory arrest. Ann Thorac
Surg 82:90-95. discussion 95-96, 2006.
206. Najafi H, Javid H, Hunter J, et al: Descending aortic
aneurysmectomy without adjuncts to avoid ische-
mia. Ann Thorac Surg 30:326-335, 1980.
207. Cox GS, O’Hara PJ, Hertzer NR, et al: Thoracoab-
dominal aneurysm repair: A representative expe-
rience. J Vasc Surg 15:780-787, 1992, discussion
787-788.
208. Svensson LG, Crawford ES, Hess KR, et al: Dissec-
tion of the aorta and dissecting aortic aneurysms.
Improving early and long-term surgical results. Cir-
culation 82:IV24-IV38, 1990.
209. Crawford ES, Rubio PA: Reappraisal of adjuncts to
avoid ischemia in the treatment of aneurysms of
descending thoracic aorta. J Thorac Cardiovasc
Surg 66:693-704, 1973.
210. Mauney MC, Blackbourne LH, Langenburg SE, et
al: Prevention of spinal cord injury after repair of
the thoracic or thoracoabdominal aorta. Ann
Thorac Surg 59:245-252, 1995.
211. Coselli JS, LeMaire SA: Left heart bypass reduces
paraplegia rates after thoracoabdominal aortic
aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg 67:1931-1934,
discussion 1953-1958, 1999.
212. Safi HJ, Miller CC 3rd, Huynh TT, et al: Distal aortic
perfusion and cerebrospinal fluid drainage for tho-
racoabdominal and descending thoracic aortic
repair: Ten years of organ protection. Ann Surg
238:372-380, discussion 380-381, 2003.
213. Svensson LG, Hess KR, D’Agostino RS, et al: Reduc-
tion of neurologic injury after high-risk thoracoab-
dominal aortic operation. Ann Thorac Surg
66:132-138, 1998.
214. Crawford ES, Svensson LG, Hess KR, et al: A pros-
pective randomized study of cerebrospinal fluid
drainage to prevent paraplegia after high-risk
surgery on the thoracoabdominal aorta. J Vasc Surg
13:36-45, discussion 45-46, 1991.
215. Svensson LG, Stewart RW, Cosgrove DM 3rd, et al:
Intrathecal papaverine for the prevention of para-
plegia after operation on the thoracic or thoracoab-
dominalaorta.JThoracCardiovascSurg96:823-829,
1988.
216. Coselli JS, Lemaire SA, Koksoy C, et al: Cerebrospinal
fluid drainage reduces paraplegia after thoracoabdo-
minal aortic aneurysm repair: Results of a randomi-
zed clinical trial. J Vasc Surg 35:631-639, 2002.
217. Azizzadeh A, Huynh TT, Miller CC 3rd, Safi HJ:
Reversal of twice-delayed neurologic deficits with
cerebrospinal fluid drainage after thoracoabdomi-
nal aneurysm repair: A case report and plea for a
national database collection. J Vasc Surg 31:592-598,
2000.
218. Tiesenhausen K, AmannW, Koch G, et al: Cerebros-
pinal fluid drainage to reverse paraplegia after
endovascular thoracic aortic aneurysm repair.
J Endovasc Ther 7:132-135, 2000.
219. Weaver KD, Wiseman DB, Farber M, et al: Compli-
cations of lumbar drainage after thoracoabdominal
aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 34:623-627,
2001.
220. Dardik A, Perler BA, Roseborough GS, Williams
GM: Subdural hematoma after thoracoabdominal
aortic aneurysm repair: An underreported compli-
cation of spinal fluid drainage? J Vasc Surg 36:47-50,
2002.
221. Kouchoukos NT, Rokkas CK: Hypothermic cardio-
pulmonary bypass for spinal cord protection: Ratio-
nale and clinical results. Ann Thorac Surg
67:1940-1942, 1999, discussion 1953-1958.
222. Drenger B, Parker SD, Frank SM, Beattie C: Changes
in cerebrospinal fluid pressure and lactate concen-
trations during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm
surgery. Anesthesiology 86:41-47, 1997.
223. Colon R, Frazier OH, Cooley DA, McAllister HA:
Hypothermic regional perfusion for protection of
the spinal cord during periods of ischemia. Ann
Thorac Surg 43:639-643, 1987.
224. Cambria RP, Davison JK, Zannetti S, et al: Clinical
experience with epidural cooling for spinal cord
protection during thoracic and thoracoabdominal
aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 25:234-241, discussion
241-243, 1997.
225. Robertson CS, Foltz R, Grossman RG, Goodman JC:
Protection against experimental ischemic spinal
cord injury. J Neurosurg 64:633-642, 1986.
226. Laschinger JC, Cunningham JN Jr, Cooper MM, et
al: Prevention of ischemic spinal cord injury
following aortic cross-clamping. Use of corticoste-
roids. Ann Thorac Surg 38:500-507, 1984.
227. Woloszyn TT, Marini CP, Coons MS, et al: Cere-
brospinal fluid drainage and steroids provide better
spinal cord protection during aortic cross-clamping
than does either treatment alone. Ann Thorac Surg
49:78-82, discussion 83, 1990.
228. Johnson SH, Kraimer JM, Graeber GM: Effects of
flunarizine on neurological recovery and spinal
cord blood flow in experimental spinal cord ische-
mia in rabbits. Stroke 24:1547-1553, 1993.
229. Pointillart V, Gense D, Gross C, et al: Effects of
nimodipine on posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia
in baboons. J Neurotrauma 10:201-213, 1993.
230. Shi RY, Lucas JH, Wolf A, Gross GW: Calcium anta-
gonists fail to protect mammalian spinal neurons
after physical injury. J Neurotrauma 6:261-276, dis-
cussion 277-278, 1989.
231. Lyden PD, Zivin JA, Kochhar A, Mazzarella V:
Effects of calcium channel blockers on neurologic
outcome after focal ischemia in rabbits. Stroke
19:1020-1026, 1988.
232. Rokkas CK, Helfrich LR Jr, Lobner DC, et al: Dex-
trorphan inhibits the release of excitatory amino
acids during spinal cord ischemia. AnnThorac Surg
58:312-319, discussion 319-320, 1994.
233. Simpson JI, Eide TR, Schiff GA, et al: Intrathecal
magnesium sulfate protects the spinal cord from
ischemic injury during thoracic aortic cross-clam-
ping. Anesthesiology 81:1493-1499, 1994, discus-
sion 26A-27A.
234. Follis F, Miller K, Scremin OU, et al: NMDA recep-
tor blockade and spinal cord ischemia due to aortic
crossclamping in the rat model. Can J Neurol Sci
21:227-232, 1994.
235. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Archibald J: Naloxone and
spinal fluid drainage as adjuncts in the surgical
treatment of thoracoabdominal and thoracic aneu-
rysms. Surgery 108:755-761, discussion 761-762,
1990.
236. Svensson LG, Grum DF, Bednarski M, et al: Apprai-
sal of cerebrospinal fluid alterations during aortic
surgery with intrathecal papaverine administration
and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. J Vasc Surg
11:423-429, 1990.
Anestesia para la cirugía vascular
1805
52
Sección IV
Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto
© ELSEVIER. Fotocopiar sin autorización es un delito