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desflurane for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Anesth

Analg 99:1668-1673, 2004.

296. Hadzic A: Is regional anesthesia really better than

general anesthesia? [Editorial] Anesth Analg

101:1631-1633, 2005.

297. Liu SS, Strodtbeck WM, Richman JM, Wu CL: A

comparison of regional versus general anesthesia

for ambulatory anesthesia: A meta-analysis of ran-

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298. Mingus ML: Recovery advantages of regional anes-

thesia compared with general anesthesia: Adult

patients. J Clin Anesth 7:628, 1995.

299. Cotter JT, Nielsen KC, Guller U, et al: Increased

body mass index and ASA physical status IV are

risk factors for block failure in ambulatory sur-

gery—an analysis of 9,342 blocks. Can J Anaesth

51:810-816, 2004.

300. Nielsen KC, Guller U, Steele SM, et al: Influence of

obesity on surgical regional anesthesia in the ambu-

latory setting: An analysis of 9,038 blocks. Anesthe-

siology 102:181-187, 2005.

301. Sinha SK, Abrams JH, Weller RS: Ultrasound-guided

interscalene needle placement produces successful

anesthesia regardless of motor stimulation above or

below 0.5 mA. Anesth Analg 105:848-852, 2007.

302. Williams BA, Kentor ML, Williams JP, et al: Process

analysis in outpatient knee surgery: Effects of regio-

nal and general anesthesia on anesthesia-controlled

time. Anesthesiology 93:529, 2000.

303. Vloka JD, Hadzic A, Mulcare R, et al: Femoral and

genitofemoral nerve blocks vs. spinal anesthesia for

outpatients undergoing long saphenous vein strip-

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304. Pittoni G, Toffoletto F, Calcarella G, et al: Spinal

anesthesia in outpatient knee surgery: 22-gauge vs

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305. Wong J, Marshall S, Chung F, et al: Spinal anesthesia

improves the early recovery profile of patients

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306. Kehlet H, White PF: Optimizing anesthesia for

inguinal herniorrhaphy—general, regional or local

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307. Liu S, Chiu A, Carpenter R, et al: Fentanyl prolongs

lidocaine spinal anesthesia without prolonging

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308. Ben-David B, Solomon E, Levin H, et al: Intrathecal

fentanyl with small-dose dilute bupivacaine: Better

anesthesia without prolonging recovery. Anesth

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309. Ben-David B, Maryanovsky M, Gurevitch A: A

comparison of minidose lidocaine-fentanyl and

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Anesth Analg 91:865, 2000.

310. Vaghadia H, McLeod DH, Mitchell GW, et al: Small-

dose hypobaric lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia

for short duration outpatient laparoscopy. Part I. A

randomized comparison with conventional dose

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311. Waxler B, Mondragon SA, Patel SN, Nedumgottil K:

Intrathecal lidocaine and sufentanil shorten posto-

perative recovery after outpatient rectal surgery.

Can J Anaesth 51:680-684, 2004.

312. Ben-David B, DeMeo PJ, Kucyk C, Solosko D: Mini-

dose lidocaine-fentanyl spinal anesthesia in ambu-

latory surgery: Prophylactic nalbuphine versus

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313. Chilvers CR, Vaghadia H, Mitchell GW, et al:

Small-dose hypobaric lidocaine-fentanyl spinal

anesthesia for short duration outpatient laparos-

copy. Part II. Optimal fentanyl dose. Anesth Analg

84:65, 1997.

314. Lennox PH, Vaghadia H, Henderson C, et al: Small-

dose selective spinal anesthesia for short-duration

outpatient laparoscopy: Recovery characteristics

compared with desflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg

94:346-350, 2002.

315. Pollock JE, Neal JM, Stephenson CA, et al: Prospec-

tive study of the incidence of transient radicular

irritation in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.

Anesthesiology 84:1361, 1996.

316. Pinczower GR, Chadwick HS, Woodland R, et al:

Bilateral leg pain following lidocaine spinal anaes-

thesia. Can J Anaesth 42:217, 1995.

317. Mulroy MF, Larkin KL, Siddiqui A: Intrathecal

fentanyl-induced pruritus is more severe in combi-

nation with procaine than with lidocaine or bupi-

vacaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med 26:252, 2001.

318. Ben-David B, Levin H, Solomon E, et al: Spinal

bupivacaine in ambulatory surgery: The effect of

saline dilution. Anesth Analg 83:716, 1996.

319. Korhonen AM, Valanne JV, Jokela RM, et al: A com-

parison of selective spinal anesthesia with hyperba-

ric bupivacaine and general anesthesia with

desflurane for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Anesth

Analg 99:1668-1673, 2004.

320. Kallio H, Snall EV, Kero MP, Rosenberg PH: A com-

parison of intrathecal plain solutions containing

ropivacaine 20 or 15 mg versus bupivacaine 10 mg.

Anesth Analg 99:713-717, 2004.

321. Kallio H, Snall EV, Tuomas CA, Rosenberg PH:

Comparison of hyperbaric and plain ropivacaine

15 mg in spinal anaesthesia for lower limb surgery.

Br J Anaesth 93:664-669, 2004.

322. Imarengiaye CO, Song D, Prabhu AJ, Chung F:

Spinal anesthesia: Functional balance is impaired

after clinical recovery. Anesthesiology 98:511, 2003.

323. Pollock JE, Mulroy MF, Bent E, Polissar NL: A com-

parison of two regional anesthetic techniques for

outpatient knee arthroscopy. Anesth Analg 97:397,

2003.

324. Mulroy MF, Larkin KL, Hodgson PS, et al: A com-

parison of spinal, epidural, and general anesthesia

for outpatient knee arthroscopy. Anesth Analg

91:860, 2000.

325. Neal JM, Deck JJ, Kopacz DJ, Lewis MA: Hospital

discharge after ambulatory knee arthroscopy: A

comparison of epidural 2-chloroprocaine versus

lidocaine. Reg Anesth Pain Med 26:35, 2001.

326. Casati A, Fanelli G, Danelli G, et al: Spinal anesthe-

sia with lidocaine or preservative-free 2-chloropro-

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throscopy:Aprospective,

randomized, double-blind comparison. Anesth

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327. Urmey WF, Stanton J, Peterson M, et al: Combined

spinal-epidural anesthesia for outpatient surgery:

Dose-response characteristics of intrathecal isoba-

ric lidocaine using a 27-gauge Whitacre spinal

needle. Anesthesiology 83:528, 1995.

328. Joshi GP: Combined spinal/epidural anesthesia for

outpatient surgery. Anesthesiology 84:481, 1996.

329. Taqi A, Hong X, Mistraletti G, et al: Thoracic epidu-

ral analgesia facilitates the restoration of bowel

function and dietary intake in patients undergoing

laparoscopic colon resection using a traditional,

nonaccelerated, perioperative care program. Surg

Endosc 20:1-7, 2006.

330. Wolff BG, Michelassi F, Gerkin TM, et al: Alvimo-

pan Postoperative Ileus Study Group: Alvimopan, a

novel, peripherally acting mu opioid antagonist:

Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind,

placebo-controlled, phase III trial of major abdomi-

nal surgery and postoperative ileus. Ann Surg

240:728-734, 2004.

331. Chan VW, Peng PW, Kaszas Z, et al: A comparative

study of general anesthesia, intravenous regional

anesthesia and axillary block for outpatient hand

surgery: Clinical outcome and cost analysis. Anesth

Analg 93:1181, 2001.

332. Estebe JP, Gentili ME, Langlois G: Lidocaine

priming reduces tourniquet pain during intrave-

nous regional anesthesia: A preliminary study. Reg

Anesth Pain Med 28:120, 2003.

333. Viscomi CM, Friend A, Parker C, et al: Ketamine as

an adjuvant in lidocaine intravenous regional anes-

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334. Atanassoff PG, Ocampo CA, Bande MC, et al: Ropi-

vacaine 0.2% and lidocaine 0.5% for intravenous

regional anesthesia in outpatient surgery. Anesthe-

siology 95:627-631, 2001.

335. Tryba M, Gehling M: Clonidine: A potent analgesic

adjuvant. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 15:511-517, 2002.

336. Choyce A, Peng P: A systematic review of adjuncts

for intravenous regional anesthesia for surgical pro-

cedures. Can J Anaesth 49:32, 2002.

337. Bigat Z, Boztug N, Hadimioglu N, et al: Does dexa-

methasone improve the quality of intravenous

regional anesthesia and analgesia? A randomized,

controlled clinical study. Anesth Analg 102:605-609,

2006.

338. Turan A, White PF, Karamanlioglu B, Pamukcu Z:

Premedication with gabapentin: The effect on tour-

niquet pain and quality of intravenous regional

anesthesia. Anesth Analg 104:97-101, 2007.

339. D’Alessio JG, RosenblumM, Shea KP, et al: A retros-

pective comparison of interscalene block and

general anesthesia for ambulatory surgery shoulder

arthroscopy. Reg Anesth 20:62, 1995.

340. Mulroy MF, Larkin KL, Batra MS, et al: Femoral

nerve block with 0.25% or 0.5% bupivacaine impro-

ves postoperative analgesia following outpatient

arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair. Reg

Anesth Pain Med 26:24, 2001.

341. Hadzic A, Arliss J, Kerimoglu B, et al: A comparison

of infraclavicular nerve block versus general anes-

thesia for hand and wrist day-case surgeries. Anes-

thesiology 101:127-132, 2004.

342. Lundblad M, Kapral S, Marhofer P, Lonnqvist PA:

Ultrasound-guided infrapatellar nerve block in

human volunteers: Description of a novel techni-

que. Br J Anaesth 97:710-714, 2006.

343. Singelyn FJ, Aye F, Gouverneur JM: Continuous

popliteal sciatic nerve block: An original technique

to provide postoperative analgesia after foot surgery.

Anesth Analg 84:383, 1997.

344. Ilfeld BM, Morey TE, Wang RD, Enneking FK: Con-

tinuous popliteal sciatic nerve block for postoperative

pain control at home: A randomized, double-

blinded, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology

97:959, 2002.

345. White PF, Issioui T, Skrivanek GD, et al: The use of

a continuous popliteal nerve block after involving

the foot and ankle: Does it improve the quality of

recovery? Anesth Analg 97:1303, 2003.

346. Grant SA, Nielsen KC, Greengrass RA: Continuous

peripheral nerve block for ambulatory surgery. Reg

Anesth Pain Med 26:209, 2001.

347. Klein SM, Greengrass RA, Gleason DH, et al: Major

ambulatory surgery with continuous regional anes-

thesia and a disposable infusion pump. Anesthesio-

logy 91:563, 1999.

348. Ilfeld BM, Enneking FK: Continuous peripheral

nerve blocks at home: A review. Anesth Analg

100:1822-1833, 2005.

349. Capdevilla X, Dadure C, Bringuier S, et al: Effect of

patient-controlled perineural analgesia on rehabili-

tation and pain after ambulatory orthopaedic

surgery: A multicenter randomized trial. Anesthe-

siology 105:566-573, 2006.

Anestesia en el paciente ambulatorio

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Sección IV

Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto

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