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IV

121. Lee MP, Kua JS, Chiu WK: The use of remifentanil

to facilitate the insertion of the laryngeal mask

airway. Anesth Analg 93:359-362, 2001.

122. Souter AJ, Fredman B, White PF: Controversies in

the perioperative use of nonsteroidal antiinflamma-

tory drugs. Anesth Analg 79:1178, 1994.

123. Liu J, Ding Y, White PF, et al: Effects of ketorolac on

postoperative analgesia and ventilatory function

after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Analg

76:1061, 1993.

124. Watcha MF, Ramirez-Ruiz M, White PF, et al: Perio-

perative effects of oral ketorolac and acetamino-

phen in children undergoing bilateral myringotomy.

Can J Anaesth 39:649, 1992.

125. Pappas AL, Fluder EM, Creech S, et al: Postoperative

analgesia in children undergoing myringotomy and

placement equalization tubes in ambulatory surgery.

Anesth Analg 96:1621, 2003.

126. White PF: The role of non-opioid analgesic techni-

ques in the management of pain after ambulatory

surgery. Anesth Analg 94:577, 2002.

127. Issioui T, Klein KW, White PF, et al: The efficacy of

premedication with celecoxib and acetaminophen

in preventing pain after otolaryngologic surgery.

Anesth Analg 94:1188, 2002.

128. Recart A, Issioui T, White PF, et al: Efficacy of cele-

coxib premedication on postoperative pain and

recovery times after ambulatory surgery: A dose-

ranging study. Anesth Analg 96:1631, 2003.

129. WatchaMF, Issioui T, Klein KW, White PF: Costs and

effectiveness of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and acetamino-

phen for preventing pain after ambulatory otolaryn-

gologic surgery. Anesth Analg 96:987, 2003.

130. Kjetil H, Sem TK, Ellen S, Johan R: The prolonged

postoperative analgesic effect when dexamethasone

is added to a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

(rofecoxib) before breast surgery. Anesth Analg

105:481-486, 2007.

131. Turan A, Memis D, Karamanlioglu B, et al: The anal-

gesic effects of gabapentin in monitored anesthesia

care for ear-nose-throat surgery. Anesth Analg

99:375-378, 2004.

132. Eberhart LH, Morin AM, Wulf H, Geldner G:

Patient preferences for immediate postoperative

recovery. Br J Anaesth 89:760, 2002.

133. Gan T, Sloan F, Dear G de L, et al: How much are

patients willing to pay to avoid postoperative nausea

and vomiting? Anesth Analg 92:393, 2001.

134. Abramowitz MD, Oh TH, Epstein BS, et al: The antie-

metic effect of droperidol following outpatient strabis-

mus surgery in children. Anesthesiology 59:579, 1983.

135. Korttila K, Ostman P, Faure E, et al: Randomized

comparison of recovery after propofol-nitrous oxide

vs thiopentone-isoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia

in patients undergoing ambulatory surgery. Acta

Anaesthesiol Scand 34:400, 1990.

136. Watcha MF, White PF: Postoperative nausea and

vomiting: Its etiology, treatment, and prevention.

Anesthesiology 77:162, 1992.

137. Apfel CC, Läärä E, Koivuranta M, et al: A Simplified

risk score for predicting postoperative nausea and

vomiting:Conclusionsfromcross-validationsbetween

centers. Anesthesiology 91:693-700, 1999.

138. Doze VA, Shafer A, White PF: Nausea and vomiting

after outpatient anesthesia: Effectiveness of drope-

ridol alone and in combination with metoclopra-

mide. Anesth Analg 66:S41, 1987.

139. Scuderi PE, James RL, Harris L, Mims GR: Multi-

modal antiemetic management prevents early

postoperative vomiting after outpatient laparos-

copy. Anesth Analg 91:1408, 2000.

140. White PF, Watcha MF: Postoperative nausea and

vomiting: Prophylaxis versus treatment [editorial].

Anesth Analg 89:1337-1339, 1999.

141. White PF, Song D, Abrao J, et al: Effect of low-dose

droperidol on the QT interval during and after

general anesthesia: A placebo-controlled study.

Anesthesiology 102:1011-1105, 2005.

142. White PF: Droperidol: A cost-effective antiemetic for

over thirty years. Anesth Analg 95:789-790, 2002.

143. Watcha MF, White PF: New antiemetic drugs. Int

Anesthesiol Clin 33:1, 1995.

144. White PF, Tang J, Song D, et al: Transdermal scopo-

lamine: An alternative to ondansetron and droperi-

dol for the prevention of postoperative and

postdischarge emetic symptoms. Anesth Analg

104:92-96, 2007.

145. Vener DF, Carr AS, Sikich N, et al: Dimenhydrinate

decreases vomiting after strabismus surgery in chil-

dren. Anesth Analg 82:728, 1996.

146. Turner KE, Parlow JL, Avery ND, et al: Prophylaxis

of postoperative nausea and vomiting with oral

long-acting dimenhydrinate in gynecologic outpa-

tient laparoscopy. Anesth Analg 98:1666-1669,

2004.

147. Khalil SN, Kataria B, Pearson K, et al: Ondansetron

prevents postoperative nausea and vomiting in

women outpatients. Anesth Analg 79:845, 1994.

148. Bodner M, White PF: Antiemetic efficacy of ondan-

setron after outpatient laparoscopy. Anesth Analg

73:250, 1991.

149. Figueredo E, Canosa L: Prophylactic ondansetron

for postoperative emesis. Meta-analysis of its effec-

tiveness in patients with previous history of posto-

perative nausea and vomiting. Acta Anaesthesiol

Scand 43:637, 1999.

150. Gan TJ, Franiak R, Reeves J: Ondansetron orally

disintegrating tablet versus placebo for the preven-

tion of postdischarge nausea and vomiting after

ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg 95:1199, 2002.

151. Tang J, D’Angelo R, White PF, Scuderi PE: The effi-

cacy of RS-25259, a long-acting selective 5-HT3

receptor antagonist, for preventing postoperative

nausea and vomiting after hysterectomy procedu-

res. Anesth Analg 87:462-467, 1998.

152. Diemunsch P, Schoeffler P, Bryssine B, et al: Antie-

metic activity of the NK-1 receptor antagonist GR

205171 in the treatment of established PONV

following major gynaecological surgery. Br J

Anaesth 82:274, 1999.

153. Gestesi Z, Scuderi PE, White PF, et al: Substance P

(neurokinin-1) antagonist prevents postoperative

vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy procedures.

Anesthesiology 93:931, 2000.

154. Diemunsch P, Apfel C, Gan TJ, et al: Preventing

postoperative nausea and vomiting: Post hoc analy-

sis of pooled data from two randomized active-

controlled trials of aprepitant. Curr Med Res Opin

23:2559-2565, 2007.

155. Gan TJ, Apfel CC, Kovac A, et al: A randomized,

double-blind comparison of the NK1 antagonist,

aprepitant, versus ondasentron for the prevention of

postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg

104:1082-1089, 2007.

156. Tang J, Chen X, White PF, et al: Antiemetic pro-

phylaxis for office-based surgery: Are the 5-HT

3

receptor antagonists beneficial? Anesthesiology

98:293, 2003.

157. Kim KS, Koo MS, Jeon JW, et al: Capsicum plaster

at the Korean hand acupuncture point reduces

postoperative nausea and vomiting after abdominal

hysterectomy. Anesth Analg 95:1103, 2002.

158. Allen DL, Kitching AJ, Nagle C: P6 acupressure and

nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery.

Anaesth Intensive Care 22:691, 1994.

159. White PF: Use of alternative medical therapies in

the perioperative period: Is it time to get on board?

Anesth Analg 104:251-254, 2007.

160. White PF: Are nonpharmacologic techniques useful

alternatives to antiemetic drugs for the prevention

of nausea and vomiting? Anesth Analg 84:712,

1997.

161. White PF, Issioui T, Hu J, et al: Comparative efficacy

of acustimulation (ReliefBand) versus ondansetron

(Zofran) in combination with droperidol for pre-

venting nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology

97:1075, 2002.

162. Schlager A, Boehler M, Puhringer F: Korean hand

acupressure reduces postoperative vomiting in chil-

dren after strabismus surgery. Br J Anaesth 85:267,

2000.

163. Boehler M, Mitterschiffthaler G, Schlager A: Korean

hand acupressure reduces postoperative nausea and

vomiting after gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Anesth Analg 94:872, 2002.

164. Cummings M: Hand acupressure reduces postope-

rative vomiting after strabismus surgery. Acupunct

Med 19:53, 2001.

165. Agarwal A, Bose N, Gaur A, et al: Acupressure and

ondansetron for postoperative nausea and vomiting

after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Anaesth

49:554, 2002.

166. Zarate E, Mingus M, White PF, et al: The use of

transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation for

preventing nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic

surgery. Anesth Analg 92:629, 2001.

167. Rusy LM, Hoffman LM, Weissman J, et al: Electro-

acupuncture prophylaxis of postoperative nausea

and vomiting following pediatric tonsillectomy

with or without adenoidectomy. Anesthesiology

96:300, 2002.

168. Maltby JR, Reid CR, Hutchinson A: Gastric fluid

volume and pH in elective inpatients: II. Coffee or

orange juice with ranitidine. Can J Anaesth 35:16,

1988.

169. Sandhar BK, Goresky GV, Maltby JR, et al: Effect of

oral liquids and ranitidine on gastric fluid volume

and pH in children undergoing outpatient surgery.

Anesthesiology 71:327, 1989.

170. Memis D, Turan A, Karamanlioglu B, et al: The

effect of intravenous pantoprazole and ranitidine

for improving preoperative gastric fluid properties

in adults undergoing elective surgery. Anesth Analg

97:1360, 2003.

171. Eriksson LI, Sandin R: Fasting guidelines in diffe-

rent countries. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 40:971,

1996.

172. Cote CJ: NPO after midnight for children: A

reappraisal. Anesthesiology 72:589, 1990.

173. Goresky GV, Maltby JR: Fasting guidelines for elec-

tive surgical patients. Can J Anaesth 37:493, 1990.

174. Schreiner MS, Nicolson SC: Pediatric ambulatory

anesthesia: NPO—before or after surgery? J Clin

Anesth 7:589, 1995.

175. Doze VA, White PF: Effects of fluid therapy on

serum glucose levels in fasted outpatients. Anesthe-

siology 66:223, 1987.

176. Hutchinson A, Maltby JR, Reid CR: Gastric fluid

volume and pH in elective inpatients: I. Coffee or

orange juice vs. overnight fast. Can J Anaesth 35:12,

1988.

177. Maltby JR, Pytka S, Watson NC, et al: Drinking

300 mL of clear fluid two h before surgery has no

effect on gastric fluid volume and pH in fasting and

non-fastingobesepatients.CanJAnaesth51:111-115,

2004.

178. Splinter WM, Stewart JA, Muir JG: The effect of

preoperative apple juice on gastric contents, thirst,

and hunger in children. Can J Anaesth 36:55,

1989.

179. Green CR, Pandit SK, Schork MA: Preoperative

fasting time: Is the traditional policy changing?

2218

Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto