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Results of a national survey. Anesth Analg 83:123,

1996.

180. Yogendran S, Asokumar B, Cheng DC, et al: A pros-

pective randomized double-blinded study of the

effect of intravenous fluid therapy on adverse

outcomes on outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg

80:682, 1995.

181. Maharaj CH, Kallam SR, Malik A, et al: Preoperative

intravenous fluid therapy decreases postoperative

nausea and pain in high risk patients. Anesth Analg

100:675-682, 2005.

182. Magner JJ, McCaul C, Carton E, et al: Effect of

intraoperative intravenous crystalloid infusion on

postoperative nausea and vomiting after gynaecolo-

gical laparoscopy: Comparison of 30 and 10 ml·kg

−1

.

Br J Anaesth 93:381-385, 2004.

183. Holte K, Klarskov B, Christensen DS, et al: Liberal

versus restrictive fluid administration to improve

recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A ran-

domized, double-blind study. Ann Surg 240:892-

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184. Ljungqvist O, Nygren J, Thorell A: Insulin resis-

tance and elective surgery. Surgery 128:757-760,

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185. Hausel J, Nygren J, Thorell A, et al: Randomized

clinical trial of the effects of oral preoperative car-

bohydrates on postoperative nausea and vomiting

after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg

92:415-421, 2005.

186. Bisgaard T, Kristiansen VB, Hjortsø NC, et al: Ran-

domized clinical trial comparing an oral carbo-

hydrate beverage with placebo before laparoscopic

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187. Grocott MP, Mythen MG, Gan TJ: Perioperative

fluid management and clinical outcomes in adults.

Anesth Analg 100:1093-1106, 2005.

188. White PF: Use of cerebral monitoring during anaes-

thesia: Effect on recovery profile. Best Pract Res

Clin Anaesthesiol 20:181-189, 2006.

189. Conahan TJ, Williams GD, Apfelbaum JL, et al:

Airway heating reduces recovery time (cost) in

outpatients. Anesthesiology 67:128, 1987.

190. Smith I, Newson C, White PF: Use of forced-air

warming during and after outpatient arthroscopic

surgery. Anesth Analg 78:836-841, 1994.

191. Hamza MA, Schneider BE, White PF, et al: Heated

and humidified insufflation during laparoscopic

gastric bypass surgery: Effect on temperature,

postoperative pain and recovery outcomes. J Lapa-

roendosc Adv Surg 15:6-12, 2005.

192. Kabbara A, Goldlust SA, Smith CE, et al: Randomi-

zed prospective comparison of forced air warming

using hospital blankets vs. commercial blankets in

surgical patients. Anesthesiology 97:338, 2002.

193. Smith I, White PF: Use of the laryngeal mask airway

as an alternative to a face mask during outpatient

arthroscopy. Anesthesiology 77:850, 1992.

194. Higgins PP, Chung F, Mezei G: Postoperative sore

throat after ambulatory surgery. Br J Anaesth

88:582, 2002.

195. Pennant JH, White PF: The laryngeal mask airway:

Its uses in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology 79:144,

1993.

196. Eshima RW, Maurer A, King T, et al: A comparison

of airway responses during desflurane and sevoflu-

rane administration via a laryngeal mask airway for

maintenance of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 97:1206,

2003.

197. Saros GB, Doolke A, Anderson RE, Jakobsson JG:

Desflurane vs. sevoflurane as the main inhaled

anaesthetic for spontaneous breathing via a laryn-

geal mask for varicose vein day surgery: A prospec-

tive randomized study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

50:549-552, 2006.

198. von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Boda K, Schwab C, et al:

Laryngeal mask airway is associated with an increa-

sed incidence of adverse respiratory events in chil-

dren with recent upper respiratory tract infections.

Anesthesiology 107:714-719, 2007.

199. Joshi GP, Inagaki Y, White PF, et al: Use of the laryn-

geal mask airway as an alternative to the tracheal

tube during ambulatory anesthesia. Anesth Analg

85:573, 1997.

200. Wat LI, Brimacombe JR, White PF, et al: Use of the

laryngeal mask airway in the ambulatory setting. J

Clin Anesth 10:386-388, 1998.

201. Wittmann PH, Wittmann FW: Laryngeal mask and

gastric dilatation. Anaesthesia 46:1083, 1991.

202. Van Vlymen JM, Fu W, White PF, et al: Use of the

cuffed oropharyngeal airway as an alternative to the

laryngeal mask airway with positive-pressure venti-

lation. Anesthesiology 90:1306-1310, 1999.

203. Maltby JR, Beriault MT, Watson NC, Fick GH:

Gastro-distension and ventilation during laparos-

copic cholecystectomy: LMA-Classic vs tracheal

intubation. Can J Anaesth 47:622, 2000.

204. Sidaras G, Hunter JM: Is it safe to artificially venti-

late a paralyzed patient through the laryngeal mask?

The jury is still out. Br J Anaesth 86:749, 2001.

205. Doze VA, Westphal LM, White PF: Comparison of

propofol with methohexital for outpatient anesthe-

sia. Anesth Analg 65:1189, 1986.

206. Hovorka J, Korttila K, Erkola O: Nitrous oxide does

not increase nausea and vomiting following gynae-

cological laparoscopy. Can J Anaesth 36:145, 1989.

207. Fisher DM: Does nitrous oxide cause vomiting?

Anesth Analg 83:4, 1996.

208. Sukhani R, Lurie J, Jabamoni R: Propofol for

ambulatory gynecologic laparoscopy: Does omis-

sion of nitrous oxide alter postoperative emetic

sequelae and recovery? Anesth Analg 78:831,

1994.

209. Splinter WM, Roberts DJ, Rhine EJ, et al: Nitrous

oxide does not increase vomiting in children after

myringotomy. Can J Anaesth 42:274, 1995.

210. Tesniere A, Servin F: Intravenous techniques in

ambulatory anesthesia. Anesthesiol Clin North Am

21:273-288, 2003.

211. Erhan E, Ugur G, Anadolu O, et al: General anaes-

thesia or spinal anaesthesia for outpatient urolo-

gical surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol 20:647-652,

2003.

212. Watson KR, Shah MV: Clinical comparison of

“single agent” anaesthesia with sevoflurane versus

target controlled infusion of propofol. Br J Anaesth

85:541, 2000.

213. Elliott RA, Payne K, Moore JK: Clinical and econo-

mic choices in anaesthesia for day surgery: A pros-

pective randomized controlled trial. Anaesthesia

58:412, 2003.

214. Visser K, Hassink EA, Bonsel GJ, et al: Randomized

controlled trial of total intravenous anesthesia with

propofol vs. inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane-

nitrous oxide: Postoperative nausea and vomiting

and economic analysis. Anesthesiology 95:616,

2001.

215. Montes FR, Trillos JE, Rincon IE, et al: Comparison

of total intravenous anesthesia and sevoflurane-

fentanyl anesthesia for outpatient otorhinolaryn-

geal surgery. J Clin Anesth 14:324-328, 2002.

216. Korttila K, Linnoila M, Ertama P, et al: Recovery and

simulated driving after intravenous anesthesia with

thiopental, methohexital, propanidid, or alpha-

dione. Anesthesiology 43:291, 1975.

217. Johns FR, Sandler NA, Buckley MJ, Herlich A: Com-

parison of propofol and methohexital continuous

infusion techniques for conscious sedation. J Oral

Maxillofac Surg 56:1124, 1998.

218. Sun R, Watcha MF, White PF: A cost comparison of

methohexital and propofol for ambulatory anesthe-

sia. Anesth Analg 89:311, 1999.

219. Berggren L, Eriksson I: Midazolam for induction of

anaesthesia in outpatients: A comparison with thio-

pentone. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 25:492, 1981.

220. Forrest P, Galletly DC: Comparison of propofol and

antagonized midazolam anaesthesia for day-case

surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 15:394, 1987.

221. Wagner RL, White PF: Etomidate inhibits adreno-

cortical function in surgical patients. Anesthesio-

logy 61:647, 1984.

222. Wagner RL, White PF, Kan PB, et al: Inhibition of

adrenal steroidogenesis by the anesthetic etomidate.

N Engl J Med 310:1415-1421, 1984.

223. White PF, Way WL, Trevor AJ: Ketamine—its phar-

macology and therapeutic uses. Anesthesiology

56:119, 1982.

224. White PF: Use of continuous infusion versus inter-

mittent bolus administration of fentanyl or keta-

mine during outpatient anesthesia. Anesthesiology

59:294, 1983.

225. White PF, Ham J, Way WL, Trevor AJ: Pharmaco-

logy of ketamine isomers in surgical patients. Anes-

thesiology 52:231, 1980.

226. Suzuki M, Tsueda K, Lansing PS, et al: Small-dose

ketamine enhances morphine-induced analgesia

after outpatient surgery. Anesth Analg 89:98, 1999.

227. Aydin ON, Ugur B, Ozgun S, et al: Pain preven-

tion with intraoperative ketamine in outpatient

children undergoing tonsillectomy or tonsillec-

tomy and adenotomy. J Clin Anesth 19:115-119,

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228. Badrinath S, Avramov MN, Shadrick M, et al: The

use of a ketamine-propofol combination during

monitored anesthesia care. Anesth Analg 90:858-

862, 2000.

229. Menigaux C, Fletcher D, Dupont X, et al: The bene-

fits of intraoperative small-dose ketamine on posto-

perative pain after anterior cruciate ligament repair.

Anesth Analg 90:129, 2000.

230. Guignard B, Coste C, Costes H, et al: Supplementing

desflurane-remifentanil anesthesia with small-dose

ketamine reduces perioperative opioid analgesic

requirements. Anesth Analg 95:103, 2002.

231. Smith I, White PF, Nathanson M, et al: Propofol: An

update on its clinical use. Anesthesiology 81:1005,

1994.

232. Doze VA, Shafer A, White PF: Propofol-nitrous

oxide vs. thiopental-isoflurane-nitrous oxide for

general anesthesia. Anesthesiology 69:63, 1988.

233. Pavlin DJ, Rapp SE, Polissar NL, et al: Factors affec-

ting discharge time in adult outpatients. Anesth

Analg 87:816, 1998.

234. Hannallah RS, Britton JT, Schafer PG, et al: Propofol

anaesthesia in paediatric ambulatory patients: A

comparison with thiopentone and halothane. Can J

Anaesth 41:12, 1994.

235. Weir PM, Munro HM, Reynolds PI, et al: Propofol

infusion and the incidence of emesis in pediatric

outpatient strabismus surgery. Anesth Analg 76:760,

1993.

236. Ved SA, Walden TL, Montana J, et al: Vomiting and

recovery after outpatient tonsillectomy and adenoi-

dectomy in children: Comparison of four anesthe-

tic techniques using nitrous oxide with halothane

or propofol. Anesthesiology 85:4, 1996.

237. Reimer EJ, Montgomery CJ, Bevan JC, et al: Propo-

fol anaesthesia reduces early postoperative emesis

after paediatric strabismus surgery. Can J Anaesth

40:927, 1993.

238. Borgeat A, Wilder-Smith OH, Saiah M, et al:

Subhypnotic doses of propofol possess direct antie-

metic properties. Anesth Analg 74:539, 1992.

Anestesia en el paciente ambulatorio

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Sección IV

Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto

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