Miller Anestesia

447. Kulig K: Initial management of ingestions of toxic

substances. N Engl J Med 326:1677–1681, 1992.

448. van Dorp E, Yassen A, Sarton E, et al: Naloxone

reversal of buprenorphine-induced respiratory

depression. Anesthesiology 105:51–57, 2006.

449. Just B, Delva E, Camus Y, Lienhart A: Oxygen

uptake during recovery following naloxone. Rela-

tionship with intraoperative heat loss. Anesthesio-

logy 76:60–64, 1992.

450. Mannelli M, Maggi M, De Feo ML, et al: Naloxone

administration releases catecholamines. N Engl J

Med 308:654–655, 1983.

451. Staessen J, Fagard R, Lijnen P, et al: Influence of

opioid antagonism on plasma catecholamines in

pheochromocytoma patients. J Cardiovasc Pharma-

col 15:386–391, 1990.

452. Belzung C, Barreau S, Agmo A: Naloxone potentia-

tes anxiolytic-like actions of diazepam, pentobarbi-

tal and meprobamate but not those of Ro19-8022 in

the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 394:289–294, 2000.

453. Mikkelsen S, Ilkjaer S, Brennum J, et al: The effect

of naloxone on ketamine-induced effects on hype-

ralgesia and ketamine-induced side effects in

humans. Anesthesiology 90:1539–1545, 1999.

454. Eijgelshoven MH, De Kloet ER, Van den Berg DT,

Van Giersbergen PL: Activation of glucocorticoid

receptors and the effect of naloxone during hemo-

rrhagic hypotension. Eur J Pharmacol 205:183–189,

1991.

455. Hackshaw KV, Parker GA, Roberts JW: Naloxone in

septic shock. Crit Care Med 18:47–51, 1990.

456. Boeuf B, Gauvin F, Guerguerian AM, et al: Therapy

of shock with naloxone: A meta-analysis. Crit Care

Med 26:1910–1916, 1998.

457. Benzel EC, Khare V, Fowler MR: Effects of naloxone

and nalmefene in rat spinal cord injury induced by

the ventral compression technique. J Spinal Disord

5:75–77, 1992.

458. Bracken MB, Shepard MJ, Collins WF, et al: A ran-

domized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or

naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord

injury. Results of the Second National Acute Spinal

Cord Injury Study. N Engl J Med 322:1405–1411,

1990.

459. Acher CW, Wynn MM, Hoch JR, et al: Combined

use of cerebral spinal fluid drainage and naloxone

reduces the risk of paraplegia in thoracoabdominal

aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 19:236–246, 1994, dis-

cussion 247-238.

460. Romanovsky AA, Blatteis CM: Heat stroke: Opioid-

mediatedmechanisms.JAppl Physiol 81:2565–2570,

1996.

461. Bergasa NV: Treatment of the pruritus of cholesta-

sis. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 7:501–508,

2004.

462. Bainton T, Fox M, Bowsher D, Wells C: A double-

blind trial of naloxone in central post-stroke pain.

Pain 48:159–162, 1992.

463. Abboud TK, Lee K, Zhu J, et al: Prophylactic oral

naltrexone with intrathecal morphine for cesarean

section: Effects on adverse reactions and analgesia.

Anesth Analg 71:367–370, 1990.

464. Glass PS, Jhaveri RM, Smith LR: Comparison of

potency and duration of action of nalmefene and

naloxone. Anesth Analg 78:536–541, 1994.

465. Joshi GP, Duffy L, Chehade J, et al: Effects of pro-

phylactic nalmefene on the incidence of morphine-

related side effects in patients receiving intravenous

patient-controlled

analgesia.

Anesthesiology

90:1007–1011, 1999.

466. Yuan CS, Foss JF, O’Connor M, et al: Methylnal-

trexone for reversal of constipation due to chronic

methadone use: A randomized controlled trial.

JAMA 283:367–372, 2000.

467. Murphy DB, El Behiery H, Chan VW, Foss JF: Phar-

macokinetic profile of epidurally administered

methylnaltrexone, a novel peripheral opioid antago-

nist in a rabbit model. Br J Anaesth 86:120–122,

2001.

468. Bovill JG: Adverse drug interactions in anesthesia.

J Clin Anesth 9:3S–13S, 1997.

469. Vuyk J: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic

interations between opioids and propofol. J Clin

Anesth 9:23S–26S, 1997.

470. Schwieger IM, Hall RI, Hug CC Jr: Less than addi-

tive antinociceptive interaction between midazolam

and fentanyl in enflurane-anesthetized dogs. Anes-

thesiology 74:1060–1066, 1991.

471. Kissin I, Brown PT, Bradley EL Jr: Morphine and

fentanyl anesthetic interactions with diazepam:

Relative antagonism in rats. Anesth Analg 71:236–

241, 1990.

472. Luger TJ, Hayashi T, Weiss CG, Hill HF: The spinal

potentiating effect and the supraspinal inhibitory

effect of midazolam on opioid-induced analgesia in

rats. Eur J Pharmacol 275:153–162, 1995.

473. Bailey PL, Pace NL, Ashburn MA, et al: Frequent

hypoxemia and apnea after sedation with midazo-

lam and fentanyl. Anesthesiology 73:826–830,

1990.

474. Ma D, Sapsed-Byrne SM, Chakrabarti MK,

Whitwam JG: Synergistic interaction between the

effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on

phrenic nerve activity in rabbits. Acta Anaesthesiol

Scand 42:670–677, 1998.

475. Billard V, Moulla F, Bourgain JL, et al: Hemodyna-

mic response to induction and intubation.Propofol/

fentanyl interaction. Anesthesiology 81:1384–1393,

1994.

476. Hall RI, Murphy JT, Moffitt EA, et al: A comparison

of the myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic

changes produced by propofol-sufentanil and enflu-

rane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients having

coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Can J Anaesth

38:996–1004, 1991.

477. Iselin Chaves IA, Flaishon R, Sebel PS, et al: The

effect of the interaction of propofol and alfentanil

on recall, loss of consciousness, and the bispectral

index. Anesth Analg 87:949–955, 1998.

478. Sukhani R, Vazquez J, Pappas AL, et al: Recovery

after propofol with and without intraoperative fen-

tanyl in patients undergoing ambulatory gyneco-

logic laparoscopy. Anesth Analg 83:975–981,

1996.

479. Mertens MJ,Olofsen E,BurmAG,et al: Mixed-effects

modeling of the influence of alfentanil on propofol

pharmacokinetics. Anesthesiology 100:795–805,

2004.

480. Haessler R, Madler C, Klasing S, et al: Propofol/

fentanyl versus etomidate/fentanyl for the induction

of anesthesia in patients with aortic insufficiency

and coronary artery disease. J Cardiothorac Vasc

Anesth 6:173–180, 1992.

481. Sethna NF, Liu M, Gracely R, et al: Analgesic and

cognitive effects of intravenous ketamine-alfentanil

combinations versus either drug alone after intra-

dermal capsaicin in normal subjects. Anesth Analg

86:1250–1256, 1998.

482. Reeves M, Lindholm DE, Myles PS, et al: Adding

ketamine to morphine for patient-controlled anal-

gesia after major abdominal surgery: A double-

blinded, randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg

93:116–120, 2001.

483. Lauretti GR, Lima IC, Reis MP, et al: Oral ketamine

and transdermal nitroglycerin as analgesic adju-

vants to oral morphine therapy for cancer pain

management.

Anesthesiology

90:1528–1533,

1999.

484. Eckhardt K,Ammon S, Hofmann U, et al: Gabapen-

tin enhances the analgesic effect of morphine in

healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 91:185–191,

2000.

485. Hansen C, Gilron I, Hong M: The effects of intra-

thecal gabapentin on spinal morphine tolerance in

the rat tail-flick and paw pressure tests. Anesth

Analg 99:1180–1184, 2004.

486. Hara K, Saito Y, Kirihara Y, et al: The interaction of

antinociceptive effects of morphine and GABA

receptor agonists within the rat spinal cord. Anesth

Analg 89:422–427, 1999.

487. Finck AD, Samaniego E, Ngai SH: Nitrous oxide

selectively releases Met5-enkephalin and Met5-

enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 into canine third ventricular

cerebrospinal fluid. Anesth Analg 80:664–670,

1995.

488. Phillips AS, McMurray TJ, Mirakhur RK, et al:

Propofol-fentanyl anesthesia: A comparison with

isoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia in coronary artery

bypass grafting and valve replacement surgery. J

Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 8:289–296, 1994.

489. Searle NR, Martineau RJ, Conzen P, et al: Compari-

son of sevoflurane/fentanyl and isoflurane/fentanyl

during elective coronary artery bypass surgery.Sevo-

flurane Venture Group. Can J Anaesth 43:890–899,

1996.

490. Weiskopf RB, Eger EI 2nd, Noorani M, Daniel M:

Fentanyl, esmolol, and clonidine blunt the transient

cardiovascular stimulation induced by desflurane in

humans. Anesthesiology 81:1350–1355, 1994.

491. Ebert TJ, Muzi M: Sympathetic hyperactivity during

desflurane anesthesia in healthy volunteers. A com-

parison with isoflurane.Anesthesiology 79:444–453,

1993.

492. Cote D, Martin R, Tetrault JP: Haemodynamic inte-

ractions of muscle relaxants and sufentanil in coro-

nary artery surgery. Can J Anaesth 38:324–329,

1991.

493. Thomson IR, MacAdams CL, Hudson RJ, Rosen-

bloom M: Drug interactions with sufentanil. Hemo-

dynamic effects of premedication and muscle

relaxants. Anesthesiology 76:922–929, 1992.

494. Shorten GD, Sieber T, Maslow AD, et al: Left ven-

tricular regional wall motion and haemodynamic

changes following bolus administration of pipecu-

ronium or pancuronium to adult patients under-

going coronary artery bypass grafting. Can J

Anaesth 42:695–700, 1995.

495. Paulissian R, Mahdi M, Joseph NJ, et al: Hemody-

namic responses to pancuronium and vecuronium

during high-dose fentanyl anesthesia for coronary

artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

5:120–125, 1991.

496. McCoy EP, Maddineni VR, Elliott P, et al: Haemo-

dynamic effects of rocuronium during fentanyl

anaesthesia: Comparison with vecuronium. Can J

Anaesth 40:703–708, 1993.

497. Loan PB, Elliott P, Mirakhur RK, et al: Comparison

of the haemodynamic effects of mivacurium and

atracurium during fentanyl anaesthesia.Br J Anaesth

74:330–332, 1995.

498. Rathmell JP, Brooker RF, Prielipp RC, et al: Hemo-

dynamic and pharmacodynamic comparison of

doxacurium and pipecuronium with pancuronium

during induction of cardiac anesthesia: Does the

benefit justify the cost? Anesth Analg 76:513–519,

1993.

499. Sporer KA: The serotonin syndrome. Implicated

drugs, pathophysiology and management. Drug Saf

13:94–104, 1995.

500. Gillman PK: Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, opioid

analgesics and serotonin toxicity. Br J Anaesth

95:434–441, 2005.

Opioides

589

Sección

Farmacología y anestesia