Miller Anestesia

136. Farias LA, Willis BS, Gregory GA: Effects of fruc-

tose-1, 6-diphosphate, glucose, and saline on cardiac

resuscitation. Anesthesiology 65:595, 1986.

137. Kubler W, Katz AM: Mechanism of early “pump”

failure of the ischemic heart: Possible role of ade-

nosine triphosphate depletion and inorganic

phosphate accumulation [editorial]. Am J Cardiol

40:467, 1977.

138. Steward DJ, Da Silva CA, Flegel T: Elevated glucose

levels may increase the danger of neurologic deficit

following profound hypothermic cardiac arrest.

Anesthesiology 68:653, 1988.

139. Glauser TA, Rorke LB, Weinberg PM, Clancy RR:

Acquired neuropathologic lesions associated with

the hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Pediatrics

85:991, 1990.

140. Auer RN: Progress review: Hypoglycemic brain

damage. Stroke 17:699, 1986.

141. Sieber FE, Derrer SA, Saudek CD, Traystman RJ:

Effect of hypoglycemia on cerebral metabolism and

carbondioxideresponsivity.AmJPhysiol256:H697,

1989.

142. Boston Circulatory Arrest Study Group, Rappaport

LA, Wypij D, Bellinger DC, et al: Relation of seizures

after cardiac surgery in early infancy to neurodeve-

lopmental outcome. Circulation 97:773, 1998.

143. Hilberman M, Myers BD, Carrie G, et al: Acute renal

failure following cardiac surgery. J Thorac Cardio-

vasc Surg 77:880, 1979.

144. Kron IL, Joob AW, Van Meter C: Acute renal failure

in the cardiovascular surgical patient. Ann Thorac

Surg 39:590, 1985.

145. Gomez-Campdera FJ, Maroto-Alvaro E, Galinanes

M, et al: Acute renal failure associated with cardiac

surgery. Child Nephrol Urol 9:138, 1988.

146. Nakik SK, Knight A, Elliott MA: A successful modi-

fication of ultrafiltration for cardiopulmonary

bypass in children. Perfusion 6:41, 1991.

147. Nakik SK, Knight A, Elliott MA: A prospective ran-

domized study of a modified technique of ultrafil-

tration during pediatric open heart surgery.

Circulation 84:(Suppl III)422, 1992.

148. Jenkins J, Lynn A, Edmonds J, Barker GA: Effects of

mechanicalventilationoncardiopulmonaryfunction

in children after open-heart surgery. Crit Care Med

13:77, 1985.

149. McGowan FX, Ikegami M, Del Nido PJ, et al: Car-

diopulmonary bypass significantly reduces surfac-

tant activity in children. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg

106:968, 1993.

150. Howard RJ, Crain C, Franzini DA, et al: Effects of

cardiopulmonary bypass on pulmonary leukostasis

and complement activation. Arch Surg 123:1496,

1988.

151. Anand KJS, Hansen DD, Hickey PR: Hormonal-

metabolic stress response in neonates undergoing

cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 73:661, 1990.

152. Anand KJS, Sippell WG, Aynsley-Green A: Rando-

mized trial of fentanyl anesthesia in preterm neo-

nates undergoing surgery: Effects on the stress

response. Lancet 1:243, 1987.

153. Langercrantz H, Slotkin TA: The “stress” of being

born. Sci Am 1:100, 1986.

154. Oshita S, Uchimoto R, Oka H, et al: Correlation

between arterial blood pressure and oxygenation in

tetralogy of Fallot. J Cardiovasc Anesth 3:597,

1989.

155. Severinghaus JW, Spellman BA: Pulse oximeter

failure thresholds in hypotension and vasoconstric-

tion. Anesthesiology 73:532, 1990.

156. Gold JP, Jonas RA, Lang P, Castaneda A: Transtho-

racic intracardiac monitoring lines in pediatric sur-

gical patients: A ten-year experience. Ann Thorac

Surg 42:185, 1986.

157. Ungerleider R: Decision making in pediatric cardiac

surgery using intraoperative echo. Int J Cardiol

Imaging 4:33, 1989.

158. Greeley WJ, Kern FH, Ungerleider RM, Kisslo JA:

Intramyocardial air causes right ventricular dys-

function after repair of a congenital heart defect.

Anesthesiology 73:1042, 1990.

159. Goldberg CS, Bove EL, Devaney EJ, et al: A rando-

mized clinical trial of regional cerebral perfusion

versus deep hypothermic circulatory arrest: Outco-

mes for infants with functional single ventricle. J

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:880-887, 2007.

160. Seghaye M-C, Grabitz RG, et al: Inflammatory reac-

tion and capillary leak syndrome related to cardio-

pulmonary bypass in neonates undergoing cardiac

operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 112:687-689,

1996.

161. Undar A: Effect of hypothermic cardiopulmonary

bypass on blood viscoelasticity in pediatric cardiac

patients. ASAIO J 51:522-534, 2005.

162. Eckmann DM, Bowers S, Stecker M, Cheung A:

Hematocrit, volume expander, temperature, and

shear effects on blood viscosity. Anesth Analg

91:539-545, 2000.

163. Williams GD, Ramamoorthy C, Chu L, et al: Modi-

fied and conventional ultrafiltration during pedia-

tric cardiac surgery: Clinical outcomes compared. J

Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 132:1291-1298, 2006.

164. Naik SK, Knight A, Elliott MJ: A prospective rando-

mized study of a modified technique of ultrafiltra-

tionduringpediatricopen-heartsurgery.Circulation

84(5 Suppl 3):422-431, 1991.

165. Bando K, Turrentine MW, Vijay P, et al: Effect of

modified ultrafiltration in high-risk patients under-

going operations for congenital heart disease. Ann

Thorac Surg 66:821-828, 1998.

166. Ungerleider RM: Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass

and use of modified ultrafiltration. Ann Thorac

Surg 65:S35-S39, 1998.

167. Draaisma AM, Hazekamp MG, Frank M, et al:

Modified ultrafiltration after cardiopulmonary

bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac

Surg 64:521-525, 1997.

168. Maluf MA: Modified ultrafiltration in surgical

correction of congenital heart disease with cardio-

pulmonary bypass. Perfusion 18:61-68, 2003.

169. Davies MJ, Nguyen K, Gaynor JW, Elliott MJ: Modi-

fied ultrafiltration improves left ventricular systolic

function in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2361-370, 115.

170. Sever K, Tansel T, Basaran M, et al: The benefits of

continuous ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac

surgery. Scand Cardiovasc J 38:307-311, 2004.

171. Gaynor JW, Kuypers M, van RossemM, et al: Hemo-

dynamic changes during modified ultrafiltration

immediatelyfollowingthefirststageontheNorwood

reconstruction. Cardiol Young 15:4-7, 2005.

172. Ramamoorthy C, Lynn AM: Con: The use of modi-

fied ultrafiltration during pediatric cardiovascular

surgery is not a benefit. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth

12:483-485, 1998.

173. Mahmoud A-BS, Burhani MS, Hannef AA, et al:

Effect of modified ultrafiltration on pulmonary

function after cardiopulmonary bypass. Chest

128:3447-3453, 2005.

174. Huang H, Yao T, Wang W, et al: Combination of

balanced ultrafiltration with modified ultrafiltra-

tion attenuates injury in patients undergoing open

heart surgery. Chin Med J 116:1504-1507, 2003.

175. Sever K, Tansel T, Basaran M, et al: The benefits of

continuous ultrafiltration in pediatric cardiac

surgery. Scand Cardiovasc J 38:307-311, 2004.

176. Hiramatsu T, Imai Y, Kurosawa H, et al: Effects of

dilutional and modified ultrafiltration in plasma

endothelin-1 and pulmonary vascular resistance

after the Fontan procedure. Ann Thorac Surg

73:862-865, 2002.

177. Keenan HT, Thiagarajan R, Stephens KE, et al: Pul-

monary function after modified venovenous ultra-

filtration in infants: A prospective randomized trial.

J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 119:501-507, 2000.

178. Bando K, Vijay P, Turrentine MW, et al: Dilutional

and modified ultrafiltration reduces pulmonary

hypertension after operations for congenital heart

disease: A prospective randomized study. J Thorac

Cardiovasc Surg 115:517-527, 1998.

179. Skaryak LA, Kirshbom PM, DiBernardo LR, et al:

Modified ultrafiltration improves cerebral metabo-

lic recovery after circulatory arrest. J Thorac Car-

diovasc Surg 109:744-752, 1995.

180. Rodriguez AR, Ruel M, Broecker L, Cornel G: High

flow rates during modified ultrafiltration decrease

cerebral blood flow velocity and venous oxygen satu-

ration in infants. Ann Thorac Surg 80:22-28, 2005.

181. Medlin WM, Sistino JJ: Cerebral oxygen saturation

changes during modified ultrafiltration. Perfusion

21:325-328, 2006.

182. Jounois D, Pouard P, Greeley WJ, et al: Hemofiltra-

tion during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric

cardiac surgery: Effects on hemostasis, cytokines,

and compliment components. Anesthesiology

81:1181-1189, 1994.

183. Taenzer AH, Groom R, Quinn RD: Fentanyl plasma

levels after modified ultrafiltration in infant heart

surgery. J Extra Corpor Technol 37:369-372, 2005.

184. Berner M, Oberhansli I, Rouge JC, Jaccard C: Chro-

notropic and inotropic supports are both required

to increase cardiac output early after corrective ope-

rations for tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc

Surg 97:297, 1989.

185. Graham TP, Franklin RCG, Wyse RKH, et al: Left

ventricular wall stress and contractile function in

childhood: Normal values and comparison of

Fontan repair versus palliation only in patients with

tricuspid atresia. Circulation 74:61, 1986.

186. Rebeyka IM, Hanan SA, Borges MR, et al: Rapid

cooling contracture of the myocardium: The adverse

effect of prearrest cardiac hypothermia. J Thorac

Cardiovasc Surg 100:240, 1990.

187. Bohn DJ, Poirer CS, Edmonds JF: Efficacy of dopa-

mine, dobutamine, and epinephrine during emer-

gence from cardiopulmonary bypass in children.

Crit Care Med 8:367, 1980.

188. Chang AC, Atz AM, Wernovsky G, et al: Milrinone:

Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic effects in

neonates after cardiac surgery. Crit Care Med

23:1907, 1995.

189. Ramamoorthy C, Anderson GD, Williams GD,

Lynn AM: Pharmacokinetics and side effects of mil-

rinone in infants and children after open-heart

surgery. Anesth Analg 86:283, 1998.

190. Hines R, Barash PG: Right ventricular failure.

Kaplan JA (ed). Cardiac Anesthesia vol 2. Orlando,

FL, Grune & Stratton, 1987, p 995.

191. Berne RM, Levy MN: Coronary circulation and

cardiac metabolism.

Berne RM, Levy MN (eds):

Cardiovascular Physiology. St. Louis, Mosby, 1981,

p 211.

192. Rudolph AM: Distribution and regulation of blood

flow in the fetal and newborn lamb. Circ Res 57:811,

1985.

193. Pearl JM, Laks H, Drinkwater DC, et al: Repair of

truncus arteriosus in infancy. Ann Thorac Surg

52:780, 1991.

194. Klein MD, Shaheen KW, Whittlesey GC, et al: Extra-

corporeal membrane oxygenation for the circulatory

support of children after repair of congenital heart

disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 100:498, 1990.

Anestesia para la cirugía cardíaca pediátrica

2415

Sección V

Anestesia pediátrica