Miller Anestesia

167. Schienman MM, Levine JH, Cannom DS, et al:

Dose-ranging study of intravenous amiodarone in

patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarr-

hythmias. Circulation 92:3264, 1995.

168. Levine JH, Massumi A, ScheinmanMM, et al: Intra-

venous amiodarone for recurrent sustained hypo-

tensive ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Intravenous

Amiodarone Multicenter Trial Group. J Am Coll

Cardiol 27:67, 1996.

169. Dessertenne F, Fabiato A, Coumel P: A new chapter

of electrocardiography: The progressive variations

in the amplitude of the electrocardiogram. 1966.

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 5:171, 1991.

170. Dessertenne F, Coumel P, Fabiato A: Ventricular

fibrillation and torsades de pointes. Cardiovasc

Drugs Ther 4:1177, 1990.

171. Priori SG, Napolitano C, Schwartz PJ: Electrophy-

siologic mechanisms involved in the development

of torsades de pointes. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

5:203, 1991.

172. Napolitano C, Priori SG, Schwartz PJ: Torsades de

pointes. Mechanisms and management. Drugs

47:51, 1994.

173. Tan HL, Hou CJ, Lauer MR, et al: Electrophysiologic

mechanisms of the long QT interval syndromes and

torsade de pointes. Ann Intern Med 122:701, 1995.

174. Kay GN, Plumb VJ, Arciniegas JG, et al: Torsade de

pointes: The long-short initiating sequence and

other clinical features: Observations in 32 patients.

J Am Coll Cardiol 2:806, 1983.

175. Hohnloser SH, Klingenheben T, Singh BN: Amio-

darone-associated proarrhythmic effects. A review

with special reference to torsades de pointes tachy-

cardia. Ann Intern Med 121:529, 1994.

176. Nguyen PT, Scheinman MM, Seger J: Polymor-

phous ventricular tachycardia: Clinical characteri-

zation, therapy, and the QT interval. Circulation

74:340, 1986.

177. Soffer J, Dreifus LS, Michelson EL: Polymorphous

ventricular tachycardia associated with normal and

long Q-T intervals. Am J Cardiol 49:2021, 1982.

178. Wolfe CL, Nibley C, Bhandari A, et al: Polymor-

phous ventricular tachycardia associated with acute

myocardial infarction. Circulation 84:1543, 1991.

179. White RD, Wood DL: Out-of-hospital pleomorphic

ventricular tachycardia and resuscitation: Associa-

tion with acute myocardial ischemia and infarction.

Ann Emerg Med 21:1282, 1992.

180. Keren A, Tzivoni D: Torsades de pointes: Prevention

and therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 5:509, 1991.

181. Tzivoni D, Keren A, Cohen AM, et al: Magnesium

therapy for torsades de pointes. Am J Cardiol

53:528, 1984.

182. Tzivoni D, Banai S, Schuger C, et al: Treatment of

torsades de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circu-

lation 77:392, 1988.

183. Perticone F, Adinolfi L, Bonaduce D: Efficacy of

magnesium sulfate in the treatment of torsades de

pointes. Am Heart J 112:847, 1986.

184. White RD: Out-of-hospital intervention in sudden

cardiac death. In Brandenburg RO, Fuster V, Giu-

liani ER, et al (eds): Cardiology: Fundamentals and

Practice. Chicago, Year Book, 1994.

185. Kelly PA, CannomDS, Garan H, et al: The automatic

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: Efficacy,

complications and survival in patients with malig-

nant ventricular arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol

11:1278, 1988.

186. Akhtar M, Garan H, Lehmann MH, et al: Sudden

cardiac death: Management of high-risk patients.

Ann Intern Med 114:499, 1991.

187. Fromer M, Brachmann J, Block M, et al: Efficacy of

automatic multimodal device therapy for ventricu-

lar tachyarrhythmias as delivered by a new implan-

table pacing cardioverter-defibrillator. Results of a

European multicenter study of 102 implants. Circu-

lation 86:363, 1992.

188. Naccarelli GV: Implantable cardioverter/defibrilla-

tors.

Willerson JT, Cohn JN (eds): Cardiovascular

Medicine. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1995,

pp 1441.

189. Saksena S, Diaz ML, Varanasi S, et al: Third- and

fourth-generation implantable cardioverter defibri-

llators: Current status and future development.

J Interv Cardiol 7:427, 1994.

190. Pinski SL, Trohman RG: Implantable cardioverter-

defibrillators: Implications for the nonelectrophy-

siologist. Ann Intern Med 122:770, 1995.

191. Kerber RE: Electrical treatment of cardiac arrhyth-

mias: Defibrillation and cardioversion. Ann Emerg

Med 22:296, 1993.

192. White RD: Maintenance of defibrillation in a state

of readiness. Ann Emerg Med 22:302, 1993.

193. Longstreth WT Jr, Inui TS: High blood glucose level

on hospital admission and poor neurologic reco-

very after cardiac arrest. Ann Neurol 15:59, 1984.

194. Lanier WL, Stangland KF, Scheithauer BW, et al: The

effects of dextrose infusion and head position on

neurologic outcome after complete cerebral ische-

mia in primates: Examination of a model. Anesthe-

siology 66:39, 1987.

195. Nakakimura K, Fleischer JE, Drummond JC, et al:

Glucoseadministrationbeforecardiacarrestworsens

neurologic outcome in cats. Anesthesiology 72:1005,

1990.

196. Michael JR, Guerci AD, Koehler RC, et al: Mecha-

nisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and

myocardial perfusion during reanimación cardio-

pulmonar in dogs. Circulation 69:822, 1984.

197. Michael JR, Guerci AD, Koehler RC, et al: Mecha-

nisms by which epinephrine augments cerebral and

myocardial perfusion during reanimación cardio-

pulmonar in dogs. Circulation 69:822, 1984.

198. Schleien CL, Koehler RC, Gervais H, et al: Organ blood

flow and somatosensory-evoked potentials during

and after reanimación cardiopulmonar with epine-

phrine or phenylephrine. Circulation 79:1332, 1989.

199. Schleien CL, Dean JM, Koehler RC, et al: Effect of

epinephrine on cerebral and myocardial perfusion

in an infant animal preparation of reanimación car-

diopulmonar. Circulation 73:809, 1986.

200. Paradis NA, Koscove EM: Epinephrine in cardiac

arrest: A critical review. Ann Emerg Med 19:1288,

1990.

201. Brown CG, Werman HA: Adrenergic agonists

during reanimación cardiopulmonar. Resuscitation

19:1, 1990.

202. Swenson RD, Weaver WD, Niskanen RA, et al:

Hemodynamics in humans during conventional

and experimental methods of reanimación cardio-

pulmonar. Circulation 78:630, 1988.

203. Chernow B, Holbrook P, D’Angona DS Jr, et al: Epi-

nephrine absorption after intratracheal administra-

tion. Anesth Analg 63:829, 1984.

204. Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Baskin SI: Endotracheal

epinephrine in cardiorespiratory collapse. JACEP

8:515, 1979.

205. Roberts JR, Greenberg MI, Knaub MA, et al: Blood

levels following intravenous and endotracheal epi-

nephrine administration. JACEP 8:53, 1979.

206. Brillman J, Sanders A, Otto CW, et al: Comparison

of epinephrine and phenylephrine for resuscitation

and neurologic outcome of cardiac arrest in dogs.

Ann Emerg Med 16:11, 1987.

207. Brown CG, Werman HA, Davis EA, et al: The effect

of high-dose phenylephrine versus epinephrine on

regional cerebral blood flow during CPR. Ann

Emerg Med 16:743, 1987.

208. Brown CG, Werman HA, Davis EA, et al: The effects

of graded doses of epinephrine on regional myocar-

dial blood flow during reanimación cardiopulmo-

nar in swine. Circulation 75:491, 1987.

209. Berkowitz ID, Gervais H, Schleien CL, et al: Epine-

phrine dosage effects on cerebral and myocardial

blood flow in an infant swine model of reanimación

cardiopulmonar. Anesthesiology 75:1041, 1991.

210. Martin D, Werman HA, Brown CG: Four case

studies: High-dose epinephrine in cardiac arrest.

Ann Emerg Med 19:322, 1990.

211. Koscove EM, Paradis NA: Successful resuscitation

from cardiac arrest using high-dose epinephrine

therapy: Report of two cases. JAMA 259:3031,

1988.

212. Paradis NA, Martin GB, Rosenberg J, et al: The effect

of standard- and high-dose epinephrine on coro-

nary perfusion pressure during prolonged reanima-

ción cardiopulmonar. JAMA 265:1139, 1991.

213. Barton C, Callaham M: High-dose epinephrine

improves the return of spontaneous circulation

rates in human victims of cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg

Med 20:722, 1991.

214. Callaham M, Madsen CD, Barton CW, et al: A ran-

domized clinical trial of high-dose epinephrine and

norepinephrine vs standard-dose epinephrine in

prehospital cardiac arrest. JAMA 268:2667, 1992.

215. Stiell IG, Hebert PC, Weitzman BN, et al: High-dose

epinephrine in adult cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med

327:1045, 1992.

216. Brown CG, Martin DR, Pepe PE, et al: A compari-

son of standard-dose and high-dose epinephrine in

cardiac arrest outside the hospital. The Multicenter

High-Dose Epinephrine Study Group. N Engl J Med

327:1051, 1992.

217. Wenzel V, Lindner KH, Prengel AW, et al: Vasopres-

sin improves vital organ blood flow after prolonged

cardiac arrest with postcountershock pulseless elec-

trical activity in pigs. Crit Care Med 27:486, 1999.

218. Wenzel V, Lindner KH: Arginine vasopressin during

reanimación cardiopulmonar: Laboratory evidence,

clinical experience and recommendations, and a

view to the future. Crit Care Med 30:S157, 2002.

219. Lindner KH, Strohmenger HU, Ensinger H, et al:

Stress hormone response during and after reanima-

ción cardiopulmonar. Anesthesiology 77:662, 1992.

220. Lindner KH, Haak T, Keller A, et al: Release of endo-

genous vasopressors during and after reanimación

cardiopulmonar. Heart 75:145, 1996.

221. Fox AW, May RE, MitchWE: Comparison of peptide

and nonpeptide receptor–mediated responses in rat

tail artery. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20:282, 1992.

222. Wenzel V, Linder KH, Augenstein S, et al: Vasopres-

sin combined with epinephrine decreases cerebral

perfusion compared with vasopressin alone during

reanimación cardiopulmonar in pigs. Stroke

29:1462, 1998.

223. Lindner KH, Prengel AW, Brinkman A, et al: Vaso-

pressin administration in refractory cardiac arrest.

Ann Intern Med 124:1061, 1996.

224. Kudenchuk PJ, Cobb LA, Copass MK, et al: Amio-

darone for resuscitation after out-of-hospital

cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. N Engl

J Med 341:871, 1999.

225. Dorian P, Cass D, Schwartz B, et al: Amiodarone as

compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventri-

cular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 346:884, 2002.

226. Guerci AD, Chandra N, Johnson E, et al: Failure of

sodium bicarbonate to improve resuscitation from

ventricular fibrillation in dogs. Circulation 74(Suppl

IV):IV–75, 1986.

227. Weil MH, Trevino RP, Rackow EC: Sodium bicar-

bonate during CPR: Does it help or hinder? Chest

88:487, 1985.

2766

Cuidados críticos

VII