Table of Contents Table of Contents
Previous Page  2002 / 2894 Next Page
Information
Show Menu
Previous Page 2002 / 2894 Next Page
Page Background

inhalatorios, terbutalina y nitroglicerina) suelen ser necesarios

para prevenir el alto riesgo que existe de que se produzca un parto

prematuro. Las madres presentan un riesgo aumentado de edema

pulmonar en el período postoperatorio como resultado de la agre-

sividad del tratamiento tocolítico; por tanto, se recomienda la vigi-

lancia estrecha del balance hídrico.

Bibliografía

1. Maternal mortality—United States, 1982-1996.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47705–707, 1998.

2. Berg CJ, Atrash HK, Koonin LM, et al: Pregnancy-

related mortality in the United States, 1987–1990.

Am J Obstet Gynecol 88:161–167, 1996.

3. Panchal S, Arria AM, Labhsetwar SA: Maternal

mortality during hospital admission for delivery: A

retrospective analysis using a state-maintained

database. Anesth Analg 93:134–141, 2001.

4. Anesthesia for emergency deliveries. ACOG Com-

mittee Opinion: Committee on Obstetrics, Maternal

and Fetal Medicine. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 39:148,

1992.

5. Mabie WC, DiSessa TG, Crocker LG, et al: A longi-

tudinal study of cardiac output in normal human

pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 170:849, 1994.

6. Capeless EL, Clapp JR: Cardiovascular changes in

the early stages of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol

161:1439, 1989.

7. Duvekot JJ, Peeters LL: Maternal cardiovascular

hemodynamic adaptation to pregnancy. Obstet

Gynecol Surv 49(12 Suppl):S1, 1994.

8. Widerhorn J, Widerhorn AL, Rahimtoola SH, et al:

WPW syndrome during pregnancy: Increased inci-

dence of supraventricular arrhythmias. Am Heart J

123:796, 1992.

9. Lees MM, Taylor SH, Scott DB, et al: A study of

cardiac output at rest throughout pregnancy. Am J

Obstet Gynecol Br Commonw 74:319, 1967.

10. Ueland K, Novy MJ, Peterson EN, et al: Maternal

cardiovascular dynamics. Part IV. The influence of

gestational age on the maternal cardiovascular res-

ponse to posture and exercise. Am J Obstet Gynecol

104:856, 1969.

11. Marx GF: Aortocaval compression; incidence and

prevention. Bull NY Acad Med 50:443, 1974.

12. Cole PL, St. John Sutton M: Normal cardiopulmo-

nary adjustments to pregnancy: Cardiovascular

evaluation. Cardiovasc Clin 19:37, 1989.

13. Bhagwat AR, Engel PJ: Heart disease and pregnancy.

Cardiol Clin 13:163, 1995.

14. Theunissen I, Parer J: Fluid and electrolytes in preg-

nancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol 37:3–15, 1994.

15. Conklin KA: Maternal physiological adaptations

during gestation, labor and the puerperium. Semin

Anesth 10:221–234, 1991.

16. Sharma SK, Philip J, Wiley J: Thromboelastographic

changes in healthy parturients and postpartum

women. Anesth Analg 85:94, 1997.

17. Tygart SG, McRoyan DK, Spinnato JA, et al: Longi-

tudinal studies of platelet indices during normal

pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 154:883–887,

1986.

18. Lottan M, Mashiach R, Namestnikov M: Hematolo-

gic diseases.

In

Birnbach DJ, Gatt SP, Datta S (eds):

Textbook of Obstetric Anesthesia. New York, Chur-

chill Livingstone, 2000, pp 586–596.

19. Ross A: Physiologic changes of pregnancy.

In

Bir-

nbach DJ, Gatt SP, Datta S (eds): Textbook of Obs-

tetric Anesthesia. New York, Churchill Livingstone,

2000, pp 31–45.

20. Wong CA, Loffredi M, Ganchiff JN, et al: Gastric

emptying of water in term pregnancy. Anesthesio-

logy 96:1395–1400, 2002.

21. Sandhar BK, Elliot RH, Windram I, et al: Peripartum

changes in gastric emptying. Anaesthesia 47:196,

1992.

22. Holdsworth JD: Relationship between stomach con-

tents and analgesia in labour. Br J Anaesth 50:1145,

1978.

23. Porter JS, Bonello E, Reynolds F: The influence of

epidural administration of fentanyl infusion on gastric

emptying in labour. Anaesthesia 52:1151, 1997.

24. Zimmerman DL, Breen TW, Frick G: Adding fen-

tanyl 0.0002% to epidural bupivacaine 0.125% does

not delay gastric emptying in laboring parturients.

Anesth Analg 82:612–616, 1996.

25. Porter JS, Bonello E, Reynolds F: The influence of

epidural administration of fentanyl infusion on

gastric emptying in labour. Anaesthesia 52:1151,

1997.

26. Attia RR, Ebeid AM, Fischer JE, et al: Maternal fetal

and placental gastrin concentrations. Anaesthesia

37:18, 1982.

27. Sibai BM, Frangieh A: Maternal adaptation to preg-

nancy. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 7:420, 1995.

28. Palatiniuk RJ, Schnider SM, Eger EIII: Pregnancy

decreases the requirement for inhaled anesthetic

agents. Anesthesiology 41:82–83, 1974.

29. Fagraeus L, Urban BJ, Bromage PR: Spread of epi-

dural analgesia in early pregnancy. Anesthesiology

58:184, 1983.

30. Datta S, Migliozzi RP, Flanagan HL, et al: Chronica-

lly administered progesterone decreases halothane

requirements in rabbits. Anesth Analg 68:46–50,

1989.

31. Gintzler AR: Endorphin-mediated increases in pain

threshold during pregnancy. Science 210:193–195,

1980.

32. Sander HW, Kream RM, Gintzler AR: Spinal dynor-

phin involvement in the analgesia of pregnancy. Eur

J Pharmacol 159:205–209, 1989.

33. Trudinger BJ, Giles WB, Cook CM: Uteroplacental

blood flow velocity time wave forms in normal and

complicated pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol

92:39–45, 1985.

34. McKinlay J, Lyons G: Obstetric neuraxial anaesthe-

sia: Which pressor agents should we be using? Int J

Obstet Anesth 11:77–152, 2002.

35. Skjölderbrand A, Eklund J, Johansson H, et al: Ute-

roplacental blood flow measured by placental scin-

tigraphy during epidural anaesthesia for caeserean

section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 34:79–84, 1990.

36. Robson SC, Boys RJ, Rodeck C, et al: Maternal and

fetal haemodynamic effects of spinal and extradural

anaesthesia for elective caeserean section. Br J

Anaesth 68:54–59, 1992.

37. McGrath JM, Chestnut DH, Vincent RD, et al: Ephe-

drine remains the vasopressor of choice for

treatment of hypotension during ritodrine infusion

and epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 80:1073–

1081, 1994.

38. Ramanathan S, Grant GJ: Vasopressor therapy for

hypotension due to epidural anesthesia for cesarean

section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 32:559–565, 1988.

39. Thomas DG, Robson SC, Redfern N, et al: Rando-

mized trial of bolus phenylephrine or ephedrine for

maintenance of arterial pressure during spinal anes-

thesia for cesarean section. Br J Anaesth 76:61–65,

1996.

40. Moran DH, Perillo M, La Porta RF, et al: Phenyle-

phrine in the prevention of hypotension following

spinal anesthesia for cesearean delivery. J Clin

Anesth 3:301–305, 1991.

41. Mercier FJ, Riley ET, Frederickson WL, et al: Phen-

ylephrine added to prophylactic ephedrine infusion

duringspinalanesthesiaforelectivecesareansection.

Anesthesiology 95:668–674, 2001.

42. Burns SM, Cowan CM, Wilkes RG: Prevention and

management of hypotension during spinal anaes-

thesia for elective caeserean section: A survey of

practice. Anaesthesia 56:794–798, 2001.

43. Ralston DH, Schnider SM, deLorimar AA: Effects of

equipotent ephedrine, metaraminol, mephenter-

mine and methoxamine on uterine blood flow in the

pregnant ewe. Anesthesiology 40:354–370, 1974.

44. James FM III, Greiss FC Jr, Kemp RA: An evaluation

of vasopressor therapy for maternal hypotension

during spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology 33:25–34,

1970.

45. Lee A, Ngan Kee WD, Gin T: A quantitative, syste-

matic review of randomized controlled trials of

ephedrine versus phenylephrine for the manage-

ment of hypotension during spinal hypotension.

Anesth Analg 94:920–926, 2002.

46. Robson SC, Boys RJ, Rodeck D, Morgan B: Maternal

and fetal haemodynamic effects of spinal and extra-

dural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section. Br J

Anaesth 68:54–59, 1992.

47. Reynolds F, Seed PT: Anaesthesia for caesarean

section and neonatal acid-base status: A meta-

analysis. Anaesthesia 60:636–653, 2005.

48. Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Lee BB, et al: A dose-res-

ponse study of prophylactic ephedrine for the pre-

vention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for

cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 90:1390–1395, 2000.

49. Clyburn P: Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section:

Time for re-appraisal? Anaesthesia 60:633–635,

2005.

50. Harrop-Griffiths W, Thomas DG: Ephedrine is the

vasopressor of choice for obstetric regional anesthe-

sia. Int J Obstet Anesth 11:275–281, 2002.

51. Vallejo MC, Ramanathan S: Should a-agonists be

used as first line management of spinal hypoten-

sion? Int J Obstet Anesth 12:243–245, 2003.

52. Kingston HGG, Kendrick A, Sommer KM, et al:

Binding of thiopental in neonatal serum. Anesthe-

siology 72:428, 1990.

53. Brown WU Jr, Bell GC, Alper MH: Acidosis, local

anesthetics and the newborn. Obstet Gynecol

48:27–30, 1976.

54. Pang LM, Mellins RB: Neonatal cardiorespiratory

physiology. Anesthesiology 43:171, 1975.

55. Finster M, Morishima HO, Mark LC, et al: Tissue

thiopental concentrations in the fetus and newborn.

Anesthesiology 336:155, 1972.

56. Thurlow JA, Kinsella SM: Intrauterine resuscitation:

Active management of fetal distress. Int J Obstet

Anesth 11:105–116, 2002.

57. Wilcourt RJ, King JC, Indyk L, et al: The relationship

of fetal heart rate patterns to the transcutaneous

Po

2

. Am J Obstet Gynecol 140:760–769, 1981.

58. Thacker SB, Stroup DF: Continuous electronic heart

monitoring for fetal assessment during labor.

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2:CD000063, 2000.

59. Leszczynska-Gorzelak B, Poniedzialek-Czajkowska

E, Oleszczuk J: Fetal blood saturation during the 1st

and 2nd stage of labor and its relation to the neona-

tal outcome. Gynecol Obstet Invest 54:159–163,

2002.

60. Seelbach-Gobel B, Heupel M, Kuhnert M, et al: The

prediction of fetal acidosis by means of intrapartum

pulse oximetry. Am J Obstet Gynecol 80:73–81,

1999.

61. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecolo-

gists (ACOG) Committee opinion. Number 258.

Fetal pulse oximetry. Obstet Gynecol 98:523-524,

2001.

62. East CE, Chan FY, Colditz PB, Begg LM: Fetal pulse

oximetry for fetal assessment in labour. Cochrane

Database Syst Rev 4:CD004075, 2007.

63. Mercier FT, Dounas M, Bouaziz H, et al: Intravenous

nitroglycerin to relieve intrapartum fetal distress

related to uterine hyperactivity: A prospective

observed trial. Anesth Analg 84:1117–1120, 1997.

64. Albright GA, Forster RM: Does combined spinal-

epidural analgesia with subarachnoid sufentanil

increase the incidence of emergency cesarean deli-

very? Reg Anesth Pain Med 22:400–405, 1997.

2002

Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto

IV