Miller Anestesia

235. Philip BK, Simpson TH, Hauch MA, Mallampati

SR: Flumazenil reverses sedation after midazolam-

induced general anesthesia in ambulatory surgery

patients. Anesth Analg 71:371–376, 1990.

236. Kassai A, Toth G, Eichelbaum M, Klotz U: No evi-

dence of a genetic polymorphism in the oxidative

metabolism of midazolam. Clin Pharmacokinet

15:319–325, 1988.

237. Bertilsson L: Geographical/interracial differences in

polymorphic drug oxidation: Current state of

knowledge of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 2D6 and

2C19. Clin Pharmacokinet 29:192–209, 1995.

238. Barr J, Donner A: Optimal intravenous dosing stra-

tegies for sedatives and analgesics in the intensive

care unit. Crit Care Clin 11:827–847, 1995.

239. Mandema JW, Tuk B, van Steveninck AL, et al:

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of

the central nervous system effects of midazolam

and its main metabolite alpha-hydroxymidazolam

in healthy volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 51:715–

728, 1992.

240. Bauer TM, Ritz R, Haberthur C, et al: Prolonged

sedation due to accumulation of conjugated meta-

bolites of midazolam. Lancet 346:145–147, 1995.

241. MacLeod SM, Giles HG, Bengert B, et al: Age- and

gender-related differences in diazepam pharmaco-

kinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 19:15–19, 1979.

242. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, et al:

Effect of age, gender, and obesity on midazolam

kinetics. Anesthesiology 61:27–35, 1984.

243. Mould DR, DeFeo TM, Reele S, et al: Simultaneous

modeling of the pharmacokinetics and pharmaco-

dynamics of midazolam and diazepam. Clin Phar-

macol Ther 58:35–43, 1995.

244. Mohler H, Richards JG: The benzodiazepine recep-

tor: A pharmacological control element of brain

function. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 2:15–24, 1988.

245. Amrein R, Hetzel W: Pharmacology of Dormicum

(midazolam) and Anexate (flumazenil). Acta

Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 92:6–15, 1990.

246. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzo-

diazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther

300:2–8, 2002.

247. Amrein R, Hetzel W, Hartmann D, Lorscheid T:

Clinical pharmacology of flumazenil. Eur J Anaes-

thesiol Suppl 2:65–80, 1988.

248. Kohno T, Wakai A, Ataka T, et al: Actions of mida-

zolam on excitatory transmission in dorsal horn

neurons of adult rat spinal cord. Anesthesiology

104:338–343, 2006.

249. Wu YW, Shiau JM, Hong CC, et al: Intrathecal

midazolam combined with low-dose bupivacaine

improves postoperative recovery in diabetic melli-

tus patients undergoing foot debridement. Acta

Anaesthesiol Taiwan 43:129–134, 2005.

250. Miller LG: Chronic benzodiazepine administration:

From the patient to the gene. J Clin Pharmacol

31:492–495, 1991.

251. Breimer LT, Burm AG, Danhof M, et al: Pharmaco-

kinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of the inte-

raction between flumazenil and midazolam in

volunteers by aperiodic EEG analysis. Clin Pharma-

cokinet 20:497–508, 1991.

252. Persson MP, Nilsson A, Hartvig P: Relation of seda-

tion and amnesia to plasma concentrations of

midazolam in surgical patients. Clin Pharmacol

Ther 43:324–331, 1988.

253. Forster A, Juge O, Morel D: Effects of midazolam on

cerebral blood flow in human volunteers. Anesthe-

siology 56:453–455, 1982.

254. Brown CR, Sarnquist FH, Canup CA, Pedley TA: Cli-

nical, electroencephalographic, and pharmacokinetic

studies of a water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazo-

lam maleate. Anesthesiology 50:467–470, 1979.

255. de Jong RH, Bonin JD: Benzodiazepines protect

mice from local anesthetic convulsions and deaths.

Anesth Analg 60:385–389, 1981.

256. Denaut M, Yernault JC, De Coster A: Double-blind

comparison of the respiratory effects of parenteral

lorazepam and diazepam in patients with chronic

obstructive lung disease. Curr Med Res Opin

2:611–615, 1974.

257. Forster A, Gardaz JP, Suter PM, Gemperle M: I.V.

midazolam as an induction agent for anaesthesia: A

study in volunteers. Br J Anaesth 52:907–911,

1980.

258. Sunzel M, Paalzow L, Berggren L, Eriksson I: Res-

piratory and cardiovascular effects in relation to

plasma levels of midazolam and diazepam. Br J Clin

Pharmacol 25:561–569, 1988.

259. Alexander CM, Teller LE, Gross JB: Slow injection

does not prevent midazolam-induced ventilatory

depression. Anesth Analg 74:260–264, 1992.

260. Samuelson PN, Reves JG, Kouchoukos NT, et al:

Hemodynamic responses to anesthetic induction

with midazolam or diazepam in patients with ische-

mic heart disease. Anesth Analg 60:802–809, 1981.

261. Rao S, Sherbaniuk RW, Prasad K, et al: Cardiopul-

monary effects of diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther

14:182–189, 1973.

262. Reves JG, Samuelson PN, Lewis S: Midazolam

maleate induction in patients with ischaemic heart

disease: Haemodynamic observations. Can Anaesth

Soc J 26:402–409, 1979.

263. Elliott HW, Nomof N, Navarro G, et al: Central

nervous system and cardiovascular effects of lora-

zepam in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 12:468–481,

1971.

264. Ruff R, Reves JG: Hemodynamic effects of a loraze-

pam-fentanyl anesthetic induction for coronary

artery bypass surgery.J Cardiothorac Anesth 4:314–

317, 1990.

265. Marty J, Nitenberg A, Blanchet F, et al: Effects of

midazolam on the coronary circulation in patients

with coronary artery disease. Anesthesiology

64:206–210, 1986.

266. Lebowitz PW, Cote ME, Daniels AL, et al: Compa-

rative cardiovascular effects of midazolam and thio-

pental in healthy patients. Anesth Analg

61:771–775, 1982.

267. Heikkila H, Jalonen J, Arola M, et al: Midazolam as

adjunct to high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia for coro-

nary artery bypass grafting operation. Acta Anaes-

thesiol Scand 28:683–689, 1984.

268. Tomichek R, Rosow C, Schneider R: Cardiovascular

effectsof diazepam-fentanylanesthesia inpatientswith

coronary artery disease.Anesth Analg 61:217, 1982.

269. Marty J, Gauzit R, Lefevre P, et al: Effects of diaze-

pam and midazolam on baroreflex control of heart

rate and on sympathetic activity in humans.Anesth

Analg 65:113–119, 1986.

270. Cole SG, Brozinsky S, Isenberg JI: Midazolam, a

new more potent benzodiazepine, compared with

diazepam: A randomized, double-blind study of

preendoscopic sedatives. Gastrointest Endosc

29:219–222, 1983.

271. McNulty SE, Gratch D, Costello D, et al: The effect

of midazolam and lorazepam on postoperative

recovery after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg

81:404–407, 1995.

272. Vargo JJ, Zuccaro G Jr, Dumot JA, et al: Gastroente-

rologist-administered propofol versus meperidine

and midazolam for advanced upper endoscopy: A

prospective, randomized trial. Gastroenterology

123:8–16, 2002.

273. Gauthier RA, Dyck B, Chung F, et al: Respiratory

interaction after spinal anesthesia and sedation with

midazolam. Anesthesiology 77:909–914, 1992.

274. Shapiro BA, Warren J, Egol AB, et al: Practice para-

meters for intravenous analgesia and sedation for

adult patients in the intensive care unit: An execu-

tive summary. Society of Critical Care Medicine.

Crit Care Med 23:1596–1600, 1995.

275. Walder B, Elia N, Henzi I, et al: A lack of evidence

of superiority of propofol versus midazolam for

sedation in mechanically ventilated critically ill

patients: A qualitative and quantitative systematic

review. Anesth Analg 92:975–983, 2001.

276. Frolich MA, Burchfield DJ, Euliano TY, Caton D: A

single dose of fentanyl and midazolam prior to

Cesarean section have no adverse neonatal effects.

Can J Anaesth 53:79–85, 2006.

277. Nitsun M, Szokol JW, Saleh HJ, et al: Pharmacoki-

netics of midazolam, propofol, and fentanyl transfer

to human breast milk. Clin Pharmacol Ther

79:549–557, 2006.

278. Kain ZN, Hofstadter MB, Mayes LC, et al: Midazo-

lam: Effects on amnesia and anxiety in children.

Anesthesiology 93:676–684, 2000.

279. Funk W, Jakob W, Riedl T, Taeger K: Oral preanaes-

thetic medication for children: Double-blind ran-

domized study of a combination of midazolam and

ketamine vs midazolam or ketamine alone. Br J

Anaesth 84:335–340, 2000.

280. Kanto J, Sjovall S, Vuori A: Effect of different kinds

of premedication on the induction properties of

midazolam. Br J Anaesth 54:507–511, 1982.

281. Gamble JA, Kawar P, Dundee JW, et al: Evaluation

of midazolam as an intravenous induction agent.

Anaesthesia 36:868–873, 1981.

282. Jacobs JR, Reves JG, Marty J, et al: Aging increases

pharmacodynamic sensitivity to the hypnotic effects

of midazolam. Anesth Analg 80:143–148, 1995.

283. Theil DR, Stanley TE 3rd,White WD, et al: Midazo-

lam and fentanyl continuous infusion anesthesia for

cardiac surgery: A comparison of computer-assis-

ted versus manual infusion systems. J Cardiothorac

Vasc Anesth 7:300–306, 1993.

284. Forster A, Gardaz JP, Suter PM, Gemperle M: Res-

piratory depression by midazolam and diazepam.

Anesthesiology 53:494–497, 1980.

285. Norton AC, Dundas CR: Induction agents for day-

case anaesthesia: A double-blind comparison of

propofol and midazolam antagonised by flumaze-

nil. Anaesthesia 45:198–203, 1990.

286. Crawford ME, Carl P, Andersen RS, Mikkelsen BO:

Comparison between midazolam and thiopentone-

based balanced anaesthesia for day-case surgery.

Br J Anaesth 56:165–169, 1984.

287. Melvin MA, Johnson BH, Quasha AL, Eger EI 3rd:

Induction of anesthesia with midazolam decreases

halothane MAC in humans. Anesthesiology

57:238–241, 1982.

288. Jung JS, Park JS, Kim SO, et al: Prophylactic antie-

metic effect of midazolam after middle ear surgery.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 137:753–756, 2007.

289. Lee Y,Wang JJ,Yang YL, et al: Midazolam vs ondan-

setron for preventing postoperative nausea and

vomiting: A randomised controlled trial. Anaesthe-

sia 62:18–22, 2007.

289a. Riad W, Altaf R, Abdulla A, Oudan H: Effect of

midazolam, dexamethasone and their combination

on the prevention of nausea and vomiting following

strabismus repair in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol

24:697–701, 2007.

290. Nilsson A, Persson MP, Hartvig P, Wide L: Effect of

total intravenous anaesthesia with midazolam/

alfentanil on the adrenocortical and hyperglycae-

mic response to abdominal surgery.Acta Anaesthe-

siol Scand 32:379–382, 1988.

291. Brogden RN, Goa KL: Flumazenil: A reappraisal of

its pharmacological properties and therapeutic effi-

Anestésicos intravenosos

529

Sección II

Farmacología y anestesia