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114. Wahr JA, Plunkett JJ, Ramsay JG, et al: Cardiovascu-

lar responses during sedation after coronary revas-

cularization: Incidence of myocardial ischemia and

hemodynamic episodes with propofol versus mida-

zolam. Institutions of the McSPI Research Group.

Anesthesiology 84:1350–1360, 1996.

115. Lejay M, Hanouz JL, Lecarpentier Y, et al: Modifica-

tions of the inotropic responses to alpha- and beta-

adrenoceptor stimulation by propofol in rat

myocardium. Anesth Analg 87:277–283, 1998.

116. Pagel PS, Warltier DC: Negative inotropic effects of

propofol as evaluated by the regional preload

recruitable stroke work relationship in chronically

instrumented dogs. Anesthesiology 78:100–108,

1993.

117. Ebert T, Muzi M, Goff D: Does propofol really pre-

serve baroreflex function in humans? Anesthesio-

logy 77:A337, 1992.

118. Chang KS, Davis RF: Propofol produces endothe-

lium-independent vasodilation and may act as a

Ca2+ channel blocker. Anesth Analg 76:24–32,

1993.

119. Yamashita A, Kajikuri J, Ohashi M, et al: Inhibitory

effects of propofol on acetylcholine-induced, endo-

thelium-dependent relaxation and prostacyclin

synthesis in rabbit mesenteric resistance arteries.

Anesthesiology 91:1080–1089, 1999.

120. Samain E, Bouillier H, Marty J, et al: The effect of

propofol on angiotensin II-induced Ca(2+) mobili-

zation in aortic smooth muscle cells from normo-

tensive and hypertensive rats. Anesth Analg

90:546–552, 2000.

121. Doursout MF, Joseph PM, Liang YY, et al: Role of

propofol and its solvent, intralipid, in nitric oxide-

induced peripheral vasodilatation in dogs. Br J

Anaesth 89:492–498, 2002.

122. Ebert TJ, Muzi M, Berens R, et al: Sympathetic res-

ponses to induction of anesthesia in humans with

propofol or etomidate. Anesthesiology 76:725–733,

1992.

123. Kanaya N, Hirata N, Kurosawa S, et al: Differential

effects of propofol and sevoflurane on heart rate

variability. Anesthesiology 98:34–40, 2003.

124. Sharpe MD, Dobkowski WB, Murkin JM, et al: Pro-

pofol has no direct effect on sinoatrial node function

or on normal atrioventricular and accessory

pathway conduction in Wolff-Parkinson-White

syndrome during alfentanil/midazolam anesthesia.

Anesthesiology 82:888–895, 1995.

125. Horiguchi T, Nishikawa T: Heart rate response to

intravenous atropine during propofol anesthesia.

Anesth Analg 95:389–392, 2002.

126. Wu M: Propofol and the supraventricular tachydys-

rhythmias in children. Anesth Analg 86:914, 1998.

127. Reich DL, Hossain S, Krol M, et al: Predictors of

hypotension after induction of general anesthesia.

Anesth Analg 101:622–628, 2005.

128. Goh PK, Chiu CL, Wang CY, et al: Randomized

double-blind comparison of ketamine-propofol,

fentanyl-propofol and propofol-saline on haemo-

dynamics and laryngeal mask airway insertion con-

ditions. Anaesth Intensive Care 33:223–228, 2005.

129. Ebert TJ, Muzi M: Propofol and autonomic reflex

function in humans.Anesth Analg 78:369–375, 1994.

130. Conzen PF,Fischer S,Detter C,Peter K: Sevoflurane

provides greater protection of the myocardium

than propofol in patients undergoing off-pump

coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology

99:826–833, 2003.

131. Tritapepe L, Landoni G, Guarracino F, et al: Cardiac

protection by volatile anaesthetics: A multicentre

randomized controlled study in patients undergoing

coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmo-

nary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol 24:323–331, 2007.

132. Guarracino F, Landoni G, Tritapepe L, et al: Myo-

cardial damage prevented by volatile anesthetics: A

multicenter randomized controlled study. J Cardio-

thorac Vasc Anesth 20:477–483, 2006.

133. Xia Z, Huang Z, Ansley DM: Large-dose propofol

during cardiopulmonary bypass decreases bioche-

mical markers of myocardial injury in coronary

surgery patients: A comparison with isoflurane.

Anesth Analg 103:527–532, 2006.

134. McKeating K, Bali IM, Dundee JW: The effects of

thiopentone and propofol on upper airway inte-

grity. Anaesthesia 43:638–640, 1988.

135. Denborough M, Hopkinson KC: Propofol and

malignant hyperpyrexia. Lancet 1:191, 1988.

136. Van Hemelrijck J, Weekers F, Van Aken H, et al:

Propofol anesthesia does not inhibit stimulation of

cortisol synthesis. Anesth Analg 80:573–576, 1995.

137. Aviram M, Deckelbaum RJ: Intralipid infusion into

humans reduces in vitro platelet aggregation and

alters platelet lipid composition. Metabolism

38:343–347, 1989.

138. Laxenaire MC, Mata-Bermejo E, Moneret-Vautrin

DA, Gueant JL: Life-threatening anaphylactoid

reactions to propofol (Diprivan). Anesthesiology

77:275–280, 1992.

139. Doenicke A, Lorenz W, Stanworth D, et al: Effects

of propofol («Diprivan») on histamine release,

immunoglobulin levels and activation of comple-

ment in healthy volunteers.PostgradMed J 61(Suppl

3):15–20, 1985.

140. Borgeat A, Wilder-Smith OH, Saiah M, Rifat K:

Subhypnotic doses of propofol relieve pruritus

induced by epidural and intrathecal morphine.

Anesthesiology 76:510–512, 1992.

141. Gan TJ, Glass PS, Howell ST, et al: Determination

of plasma concentrations of propofol associated

with 50% reduction in postoperative nausea. Anes-

thesiology 87:779–784, 1997.

142. Gan TJ, Ginsberg B, Grant AP, Glass PS: Double-

blind, randomized comparison of ondansetron and

intraoperative propofol to prevent postoperative

nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 85:1036–

1042, 1996.

143. Saiah M, Borgeat A, Wilder-Smith OH, et al: Epi-

dural-morphine-induced pruritus: Propofol versus

naloxone. Anesth Analg 78:1110–1113, 1994.

144. Skoutelis A, Lianou P, Papageorgiou E, et al: Effects

of propofol and thiopentone on polymorphonu-

clear leukocyte functions in vitro. Acta Anaesthe-

siol Scand 38:858–862, 1994.

145. Krumholz W, Endrass J, Hempelmann G: Propofol

inhibits phagocytosis and killing of

Staphylococcus

aureus

and

Escherichia coli

by polymorphonuclear

leukocytes in vitro. Can J Anaesth 41:446–449, 1994.

146. Bennett SN, McNeil MM, Bland LA, et al: Postope-

rative infections traced to contamination of an

intravenous anesthetic, propofol. N Engl J Med

333:147–154, 1995.

147. Donmez A, Arslan G, Pirat A, Demirhan B: Is pan-

creatitis a complication of propofol infusion? Eur J

Anaesthesiol 16:367–370, 1999.

148. Devlin JW,LauAK,Tanios MA: Propofol-associated

hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis in the inten-

sive care unit: An analysis of frequency and risk

factors. Pharmacotherapy 25:1348–1352, 2005.

149. Kazama T, Morita K, Ikeda T, et al: Comparison of

predicted induction dose with predetermined phy-

siologic characteristics of patients and with phar-

macokinetic

models

incorporating

those

characteristics as covariates. Anesthesiology

98:299–305, 2003.

150. McIune S, McKay A, Wright P: Synergistic interac-

tion between midazolam and propofol.Br J Anaesth

68:240, 1992.

151. Short TG, Plummer JL, Chui PT: Hypnotic and

anaesthetic interactions between midazolam, propo-

fol and alfentanil. Br J Anaesth 69:162–167, 1992.

152. Steib A, Freys G, Beller JP, et al: Propofol in elderly

high risk patients: A comparison of haemodynamic

effects with thiopentone during induction of anaes-

thesia. Anaesthesia 43(Suppl):111–114, 1988.

153. Kazama T, Ikeda K, Morita K, et al: Investigation of

effective anesthesia induction doses using a wide

range of infusion rates with undiluted and diluted

propofol. Anesthesiology 92:1017–1028, 2000.

154. Mirakhur RK: Induction characteristics of propofol

in children: Comparison with thiopentone. Anaes-

thesia 43:593–598, 1988.

155. Heath PJ, Kennedy DJ, Ogg TW, et al: Which intra-

venous induction agent for day surgery? A compa-

rison of propofol, thiopentone, methohexitone and

etomidate. Anaesthesia 43:365–368, 1988.

156. Hocker J, Tonner PH, Bollert P, et al: Propofol/

remifentanil vs sevoflurane/remifentanil for long

lasting surgical procedures: A randomised contro-

lled trial. Anaesthesia 61:752–757, 2006.

157. Van Hemelrijck J, Smith I, White PF: Use of desflu-

rane for outpatient anesthesia: A comparison with

propofol and nitrous oxide.Anesthesiology 75:197–

203, 1991.

158. Roberts FL, Dixon J, Lewis GT, et al: Induction and

maintenance of propofol anaesthesia: A manual

infusion scheme. Anaesthesia 43(Suppl):14–17,

1988.

159. Taylor IN, Kenny GN, Glen JB: Pharmacodynamic

stability of a mixture of propofol and alfentanil. Br

J Anaesth 69:168–171, 1992.

160. Turtle MJ, Cullen P, Prys-Roberts C, et al: Dose

requirements of propofol by infusion during nitrous

oxide anaesthesia in man, II: Patients premedicated

with lorazepam. Br J Anaesth 59:283–287, 1987.

161. Sear JW, Shaw I, Wolf A, Kay NH: Infusions of

propofol to supplement nitrous oxide-oxygen for

the maintenance of anaesthesia: A comparison with

halothane. Anaesthesia 43(Suppl):18–22, 1988.

162. Dexter F, Tinker JH: Comparisons between desflu-

rane and isoflurane or propofol on time to following

commands and time to discharge: A metaanalysis.

Anesthesiology 83:77–82, 1995.

163. Underwood SM, Davies SW, Feneck RO, Walesby

RK: Anaesthesia for myocardial revascularisation:

A comparison of fentanyl/propofol with fentanyl/

enflurane. Anaesthesia 47:939–945, 1992.

164. Hall RI, Murphy JT, Moffitt EA, et al: A comparison

of the myocardial metabolic and haemodynamic

changes produced by propofol-sufentanil and

enflurane-sufentanil anaesthesia for patients having

coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Can J Anaesth

38:996–1004, 1991.

165. Fanard L, Van Steenberge A, Demeire X, van der

Puyl F: Comparison between propofol and midazo-

lam as sedative agents for surgery under regional

anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 43(Suppl):87–89, 1988.

166. Newman LH, McDonald JC, Wallace PG,

Ledingham IM: Propofol infusion for sedation in

intensive care. Anaesthesia 42:929–937, 1987.

167. Grounds R, Lalor J, Lumley J: Propofol infusion for

sedation in the intensive care unit: Preliminary

report. BMJ 294:397, 1987.

168. Beller JP, Pottecher T, Lugnier A, et al: Prolonged

sedation with propofol in ICU patients: Recovery

and blood concentration changes during periodic

interruptions in infusion. Br J Anaesth 61:583–588,

1988.

169. Parke TJ, Stevens JE, Rice AS, et al: Metabolic aci-

dosis and fatal myocardial failure after propofol

infusion in children: Five case reports. BMJ

305:613–616, 1992.

Anestésicos intravenosos

527

16

Sección II

Farmacología y anestesia

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