Miller Anestesia

Bibliografía

1. Gutstein HB,Akil H: Opioid analgesics.

Hardman

JG, Limbird LE (eds): Goodman and Gilman’s The

pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York,

McGraw-Hill, 2001, pp 569–619.

2. Minami M, Satoh M: Molecular biology of the

opioid receptors: Structures, functions and distribu-

tions. Neurosci Res 23:121–145, 1995.

3. Reinscheid RK, Nothacker HP, Bourson A, Orpha-

nin FQ, et al: A neuropeptide that activates an opioi-

dlike G protein–coupled receptor. Science 270:

792–794, 1995.

4. Meunier JC, Mollereau C, Toll L, et al: Isolation and

structure of the endogenous agonist of opioid

receptor–like ORL1 receptor. Nature 377:532–535,

1995.

5. Mansour A, Fox CA, Akil H, Watson SJ: Opioid-

receptor mRNA expression in the rat CNS: Anatomi-

cal and functional implications. Trends Neurosci

18:22–29, 1995.

6. Lotsch J, Geisslinger G: Are

-opioid receptor

polymorphisms important for clinical opioid

therapy? Trends Mol Med 11:82–89, 2005.

7. Klepstad P, Rakvag TT, Kaasa S, et al: The 118 A

→

G polymorphism in the human

-opioid receptor

genemay increasemorphine requirements in patients

with pain caused by malignant disease. Acta Anaes-

thesiol Scand 48:1232–1239, 2004.

8. Romberg RR, Olofsen E, Bijl H, et al: Polymorphism

-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1:c.118A

→

does not protect against opioid-induced respiratory

depression despite reduced analgesic response.

Anesthesiology 102:522–530, 2005.

9. Chou WY, Wang CH, Liu PH, et al: Human opioid

receptor A118G polymorphism affects intravenous

patient-controlled analgesia morphine consump-

tion after total abdominal hysterectomy. Anesthe-

siology 105:334–337, 2006.

10. Mogil JS, Pasternak GW: The molecular and beha-

vioral pharmacology of the orphanin FQ/nocicep-

tin peptide and receptor family. Pharmacol Rev 53:

381–415, 2001.

11. Nothacker HP, Reinscheid RK, Mansour A, et al:

Primary structure and tissue distribution of the

orphanin FQ precursor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

93:8677–8682, 1996.

12. Adina JE, Hackler L, Ge LJ, Kastin AJ: A potent and

selective endogenous agonist for the

-opiate recep-

tor. Nature 386:499–502, 1997.

13. Wandless AL, Smart D, Lambert DG: Fentanyl

increases intracellular Ca

concentrations in

SH-SY5Y cells. Br J Anaesth 76:461–463, 1996.

14. Fukuda K, Kato S, Morikawa H, et al: Functional

coupling of the

-, and

-opioid receptors to

mitogen-activated protein kinase and arachidonate

release in Chinese hamster ovary cells. J Neurochem

67:1309–1316, 1996.

15. Shoda T, Fukuda K, Uga H, et al: Activation of

-opioid receptor induces expression of c-fos and

junB via mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.

Anesthesiology 95:983–989, 2001.

16. Mestek A, Hurley JH, Bye LS, et al: The human

opioid receptor: Modulation of functional desensiti-

zation by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein

kinase and protein kinase C.J Neurosci 15:2396–2406,

1995.

17. Pei G, Kieffer BL, Lefkowitz RJ, Freedman NJ: Ago-

nist-dependent phosphorylation of the mouse

-opioid receptor: Involvement of G protein–

coupled receptor kinases but not protein kinase

C. Mol Pharmacol 48:173–177, 1995.

18. Bohn LM, Lefkowitz RJ, Gainetdinov RR, et al:

Enhanced morphine analgesia in mice lacking beta-

arrestin 2. Science 286:2495–2498, 1999.

19. Trapaidze N, Keith DE, Cvejic S, et al: Sequestration

of the

opioid receptor. Role of the C terminus in

agonist-mediated internalization. J Biol Chem

271:29279–29285, 1996.

20. Gaudriault G, Nouel D, Dal Farra C, et al: Receptor-

induced internalization of selective peptidic

and

opioid ligands. J Biol Chem 272:2880–2888, 1997.

21. Keith DE, Murray SR, Zaki PA, et al: Morphine

activates opioid receptors without causing their

rapid internalization.J Biol Chem 271:19021–19024,

1996.

22. Hashimoto T, Saito Y, Yamada K, et al: Enhance-

ment of morphine analgesic effect with induction of

-opioid receptor endocytosis in rats. Anesthesio-

logy 105:574–580, 2006.

23. Avidor Reiss T, Nevo I, Levy R, et al: Chronic opioid

treatment induces adenylyl cyclaseV superactivation.

Involvement of Gbg. J Biol Chem 271:21309–21315,

1996.

24. Fields HL, Heinricher MM, Mason P: Neurotrans-

mittersinnociceptivemodulatorycircuits.AnnuRev

Neurosci 14:219–245, 1991.

25. Petrovic P, Kalso E, Petersson KM, Ingvar M:

Placebo and opioid analgesia—imaging a shared

neuronal network. Science 295:1737–1740, 2002.

26. Wager TD, Rilling JK, Smith EE, et al: Placebo-

induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and

experience of pain. Science 303:1162–1167, 2004.

27. Pan ZZ, Tershner SA, Fields HL: Cellular mecha-

nism for anti-analgesic action of agonists of the

-opioid receptor. Nature 389:382–385, 1997.

28. Trafton JA, Abbadie C, Marchand S, et al: Spinal

opioid analgesia: How critical is the regulation of

substance P signaling? J Neurosci 19:9642–9653,

1999.

29. Matthies BK, Franklin KB: Formalin pain is expres-

sed in decerebrate rats but not attenuated by mor-

phine. Pain 51:199–206, 1992.

30. Manning BH, Morgan MJ, Franklin KB: Morphine

analgesia in the formalin test: Evidence for forebrain

andmidbrain sites of action.Neuroscience 63:289–294,

1994.

31. Manning BH, Mayer DJ: The central nucleus of the

amygdala contributes to the production of morphine

antinociception in the rat tail-flick test. J Neurosci

15:8199–8213, 1995.

32. Manning BH, Mayer DJ: The central nucleus of the

amygdala contributes to the production of mor-

phine antinociception in the formalin test. Pain

63:141–152, 1995.

33. Stein C: The control of pain in peripheral tissue by

opioids. N Engl J Med 332:1685–1690, 1995.

34. Heard SO, Edwards WT, Ferrari D, et al: Analgesic

effect of intraarticular bupivacaine or morphine

after arthroscopic knee surgery: A randomized,

prospective, double-blind study. Anesth Analg

74:822–826, 1992.

35. Picard PR, Tramer MR, McQuay HJ, Moore RA:

Analgesic efficacy of peripheral opioids (all except

intra-articular): A qualitative systematic review of

randomised controlled trials. Pain 72:309–318,

1997.

36. Becerra L, Harter K, Gonzalez RG, Borsook D:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging measures

of the effects of morphine on central nervous system

circuitry in opioid-naive healthy volunteers. Anesth

Analg 103:208–216, 2006.

37. Kieffer BL: Opioids: First lessons from knockout

mice. Trends Pharmacol Sci 20:19–26, 1999.

38. Matthes HW, Maldonado R, Simonin F, et al: Loss

of morphine-induced analgesia, reward effect and

withdrawal symptoms in mice lacking the

-opioid-

receptor gene. Nature 383:819–823, 1996.

39. Sora I, Takahashi N, Funada M, et al: Opiate receptor

knockout mice define

receptor roles in endogenous

nociceptive responses and morphine-induced analge-

sia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94:1544–1549, 1997.

40. Dahan A, Sarton E, Teppema L, et al: Anesthetic

potency and influence of morphine and sevoflurane

on respiration in

-opioid receptor knockout mice.

Anesthesiology 94:824–832, 2001.

41. Sarton E, Teppema LJ, Olievier C, et al: The invol-

vement of the

-opioid receptor in ketamine-indu-

ced respiratory depression and antinociception.

Anesth Analg 93:1495–1500, 2001.

42. Zhu Y, King MA, Schuller AG, et al: Retention of

supraspinal

-like analgesia and loss of morphine

tolerance in

opioid receptor knockout mice.

Neuron 24:243–252, 1999.

43. Simonin F, Valverde O, Smadja C, et al: Disruption

of the

-opioid receptor gene in mice enhances sen-

sitivity to chemical visceral pain, impairs pharma-

cological actions of the selective

-agonist

U-50,488H and attenuates morphine withdrawal.

EMBO J 17:886–897, 1998.

44. Rubinstein M, Mogil JS, Japon M, et al: Absence of

opioid stress-induced analgesia in mice lacking

-endorphin by site-directed mutagenesis. Proc

Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:3995–4000, 1996.

45. Konig M, Zimmer AM, Steiner H, et al: Pain res-

ponses, anxiety and aggression in mice deficient in

pre-proenkephalin. Nature 383:535–538, 1996.

46. Hung CF, Tsai CH, Su MJ: Opioid receptor indepen-

dent effects of morphine on membrane currents in

single cardiac myocytes. Br J Anaesth 81:925–931,

1998.

47. Brau ME, Koch ED, Vogel W, Hempelmann G:

Tonic blocking action of meperidine on Na

and K

channels in amphibian peripheral nerves. Anesthe-

siology 92:147–155, 2000.

48. Wagner LE 2nd, Eaton M, Sabnis SS, Gingrich KJ:

Meperidine and lidocaine block of recombinant

voltage-dependent Na

channels: Evidence that

meperidine is a local anesthetic. Anesthesiology

91:1481–1490, 1999.

49. Takada K, Clark DJ, Davies MF, et al: Meperidine

exerts agonist activity at the

-adrenoceptor

subtype. Anesthesiology 96:1420–1426, 2002.

50. Yamakura T, Sakimura K, Shimoji K: Direct inhibi-

tion of the

-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channel

by high concentrations of opioids. Anesthesiology

91:1053–1063, 1999.

51. Davis AM, Inturrisi CE:

-Methadone blocks mor-

phine tolerance and

-methyl-d-aspartate–induced

hyperalgesia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289:1048–1053,

1999.

52. Hahnenkamp K, Nollet J, Van Aken HK, et al: Remi-

fentanildirectlyactivateshuman

-methyl-d-aspartate

receptors expressed in

Xenopus laevis

oocytes. Anes-

thesiology 100:1531–1537, 2004.

53. Guntz E, Dumont H, Roussel C, et al: Effects of

remifentanil on

-methyl-d-aspartate receptor: An

electrophysiologic study in rat spinal cord.Anesthe-

siology 102:1235–1241, 2005.

54. Wittmann M, Peters I, Schaaf T, et al: The effects of

morphine on human 5-HT

receptors. Anesth

Analg 103:747–752, 2006.

Opioides

581

Sección

Farmacología y anestesia