Miller Anestesia

142. Ausems ME, Vuyk J, Hug CC Jr, Stanski DR: Com-

parison of computer-assisted infusion versus inter-

mittent bolus administration of alfentanil as a

supplement to nitrous oxide for lower abdominal

surgery. Anesthesiology 68:851-861, 1988.

143. Minto CF, Schnider TW, Egan TD, et al: Influence

of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and

pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model deve-

lopment. Anesthesiology 86:10-23, 1997.

144. Minto CF, Schnider TW, Shafer SL: Pharmacokine-

tics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. II.

Model development. Anesthesiology 86:24-33,

1997.

145. Drover DR, Lemmens HJM: Population pharmaco-

dynamics and pharmacokinetics of remifentanil as

a supplement to nitrous oxide anesthesia for elec-

tive abdominal surgery.Anesthesiology 89:869-877,

1998.

146. Egan TD, Shafer SL: Target-controlled infusions for

intravenous anesthetics: Surfing USA not! Anes-

thesiology 99:1039-1041, 2003.

147. Caton R: The electrical currents of the brain [abs-

tract]. BMJ 2:278, 1875.

148. Berger H: Uber das Elektrenkaphalogramm des

Menschen. Arch Psychiatry 101:452, 1933.

149. Gibbs FA, Gibbs EL, Lennox WG: Effect on the elec-

tro-encephalogram of certain drugs which influence

nervous activity. Arch Intern Med 60:154, 1937.

150. Faulconer A Jr: Correlation of concentrations of

ether in arterial blood with electro-encephalograp-

hic patterns occurring during ether-oxygen and

during nitrous oxide, oxygen and ether anesthesia

of human surgical patients. Anesthesiology 13:361-

369, 1952.

151. Martin JT, Faulconer A Jr, Bickford RG: Electroen-

cephalography in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology

20:359-376, 1959.

152. Kuramoto T, Oshita S, Takeshita H, Ishikawa T:

Modification of the relationship between cerebral

metabolism, blood flow, and electroencephalogram

by stimulation during anesthesia in the dog. Anes-

thesiology 51:211-217, 1979.

153. Prior PF: The EEG and detection of responsiveness

during anaesthesia and coma.

Rosen M, Lunn JN

(eds):Consciousness,Awareness,and Pain inGeneral

Anesthesia. London, Butterworths, 1987, p 34.

154. Bimar J,Bellville JW:Arousal reactions during anes-

thesia in man. Anesthesiology 47:449-454, 1977.

155. Miyauchi Y, Sakabe T, Maekawa T, et al: Responses

of EEG, cerebral oxygen consumption and blood

flow to peripheral nerve stimulation during thio-

pentone anaesthesia in the dog. Can Anaesth Soc J

32:491-498, 1985.

156. Galla SJ, Rocco AG, Vandam LD: Evaluation of the

traditional signs and stages of anesthesia: An elec-

troencephalographic and clinical study.Anesthesio-

logy 19:328-338, 1958.

157. Levy WJ, Shapiro HM, Maruchak G, Meathe E:

Automated EEG processing for intraoperative

monitoring: A comparison of techniques. Anesthe-

siology 53:223-236, 1980.

158. Rampil IJ:What every neuroanesthesiologist should

know about electroencephalograms and compute-

rized monitors. Anesthesiol Clin North Am 10:

683-718, 1992.

159. LevyWJ: Intraoperative EEG patterns: Implications

for EEG monitoring. Anesthesiology 60:430-434,

1984.

160. Drummond JC, Brann CA, Perkins DE, Wolfe DE:

A comparison of median frequency, spectral edge

frequency, a frequency band power ratio, total

power and dominance shift in the determination of

depth of anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

35:693-699, 1991.

161. Long CW, Shah NK, Lounghlin C, et al: A compari-

son of EEG determinants of near awakening from

isoflurane and fentanyl anesthesia. Anesth Analg

69:169-173, 1989.

162. Dwyer RC, Rampil IJ, Eger EI II, Bennett HL: The

electroencephalogram does not predict depth of

isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 81:403-409,

1994.

163. Stanski DR: Pharmacodynamic modeling of anes-

thetic EEG drug effects. Annu Rev Pharmacol

Toxicol 32:423-447, 1992.

164. Blackman RB, Tukey JW: The Measurement of

Power Spectra. New York, Dover, 1958.

165. Abarbanel H, Davis R, MacDonald GJ, Munk W:

Bispectra. Defense Technical Information Center,

Document ADA150870, 1984.

166. Rampil IJ: A primer for EEG signal processing in

anesthesia. Anesthesiology 89:980-1002, 1998.

167. Sigl JC, Chamoun NG: An introduction to bispec-

tral analysis for the electroencephalogram. J Clin

Monit 10:392-404, 1994.

168. Johansen JW, Sebel PS: Development and clinical

application of electroencephalographic bispec-

trum monitoring. Anesthesiology 93:1336-1344,

2000.

169. Gregg K, Varvel JR, Shafer SL: Application of semi-

linear canonical correlation to the measurement of

opioid drug effect. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm

20:611-635, 1992.

170. Kearse LA Jr, Manberg P, Chamoun N, et al: Bispec-

tral analysis of the electroencephalogram correlates

with patient movement to skin incision during

propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia. Anesthesiology

81:1365-1370, 1994.

171. Vernon JM,Lang E,Sebel PS,Manberg P: Prediction

of movement using bi-spectral EEG during propo-

fol/alfentanil or isoflurane/alfentanil anesthesia.

Anesth Analg 80:780-785, 1995.

172. Sebel PS, Lang E, Rampil IJ, et al: A multicenter

study of bispectral electroencephalogram analysis

for monitoring anesthetic effect. Anesth Analg

84:891-899, 1997.

173. Glass PS, BloomM, Kearse L, et al: Bispectral analy-

sis measures sedation and memory effects of pro-

pofol, midazolam, isoflurane and alfentanil in

healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 86:836-847,

1997.

174. Liu J, Singh H, White PF: Electroencephalogram

bispectral analysis predicts the depth of midazolam-

induced sedation. Anesthesiology 84:64-69, 1996.

175. Liu J, Singh H, White PF: Electroencephalographic

bispectral index correlates with intraoperative recall

and depth of propofol-induced sedation. Anesth

Analg 84:185-189, 1997.

176. Katoh T, Suzuki A, Ikeda K: Electroencephalogra-

phic derivatives as a tool for predicting the depth of

sedation and anesthesia induced by sevoflurane.

Anesthesiology 88:642-650, 1998.

177. Flaishon R,Windsor A, Sigl J, Sebel PS: Recovery of

consciousness after thiopental or propofol: Bispec-

tral index and the isolated forearm technique.Anes-

thesiology 86:613-619, 1997.

178. Kearse LA, Rosow C, Zaslavsky A, et al: Bispectral

analysis of the electroencephalogram predicts cons-

cious processing of information during propofol

sedation and hypnosis. Anesthesiology 88:25-34,

1998.

179. Shannon CE: A mathematical theory of communi-

cation. Bell Syst Tech J 27:379-423, 623A-656A,

1998.

180. Viertiö-Oja H, Maja V, Särkelä M, et al: Description

of the Entropy algorithm as applied in the Datex-

Ohmeda S/5 Entropy Module. Acta Anaesthesiol

Scand 48:154-161, 2004.

181. Jäntti V, Alahuhta S: Spectral entropy—what has it

to do with anaesthesia, and the EEG? Br J Anaesth

93:150-151, 2004.

182. Chang T, DworskyWA,White PF: Continuous elec-

tromyography for monitoring depth of anesthesia.

Anesth Analg 67:521-525, 1988.

183. Dutton RC, Smith WD, Bennett HL, et al: Cranio-

facial electromyogram activation

response:Another

indicator of anesthetic depth. J Clin Monit Comput

14:5-17, 1998.

184. Vakkuri A, Yli-Hankala A, Talja P, et al: Time-fre-

quency balanced spectral entropy as a measure of

anesthetic drug effect in central nervous system

during sevoflurane, propofol, and thiopental anes-

thesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 48:145-153, 2004.

185. Ellerkmann RK, Soehle M, Alves TM, et al: Spectral

entropy and bispectral index as measures of the

electroencephalographic effects of propofol.Anesth

Analg 102:1456-1462, 2006.

186. Ellerkmann RK, Liermann VM, Alves TM, et al:

Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures

of the electroencephalographic effects of sevoflu-

rane. Anesthesiology 101:1275-1282, 2004.

187. Tinker JH, Sharbrough FW, Michenfelder JD: Ante-

rior shift of the dominant EEG rhythm during anes-

thesiainthe

Javamonkey:Correlationwithanesthetic

potency. Anesthesiology 46:252-259, 1977.

188. Kochs E, Bischoff P, Pichlmeier U, Schulte am Esch

J: Surgical stimulation induces changes in brain

electrical activity during isoflurane/nitrous oxide

anesthesia. A topographic electroencephalographic

analysis. Anesthesiology 80:1026-1034, 1994.

189. Drover DR, Lemmens HJ, Pierce ET, et al: Patient

State Index: Titration of delivery and recovery from

propofol, alfentanil, and nitrous oxide anesthesia.

Anesthesiology 97:82-89, 2002.

190. Drover DR,Ortega R: Patient State Index.Best Pract

Res Clin Anaesthesiol 20:121-128, 2006.

191. Chen X, Tang J, White PF, et al: A comparison of

Patient State Index and bispectral index values

during the perioperative period. Anesth Analg

95:1669-1674, 2002.

192. White PF, Tang J, Ma H, et al: Is the patient state

analyzer with the PSArray2 a cost-effective alterna-

tive to the bispectral index monitor during the

perioperative period? Anesth Analg 99:1429-1435,

2004.

193. Loomis AL, Harvey EN, Hobart CA: Cerebral states

during sleep as studied by human brain potentials.

J Exp Psychol 21:127-144, 1937.

194. Schultz B, Schultz A, Grouven U: Sleeping stage

based systems (Narcotrend).

Bruck HP, Koecker-

ling F, Bouchard F, Schug-Pass C (eds): NewAspects

of High Technology in Medicine 2000. Bolognia,

Italy, Monduzzi Editore, 2000, pp 285-291.

195. Kreuer S, Biedler A, Larsen R, et al: The Narco-

trend—a new EEG monitor designed to measure

the depth of anaesthesia.A comparison with bispec-

tral index monitoring during propofol-remifenta-

nil-anaesthesia. Anaesthesist 50:921-925, 2001.

196. Schmidt GN, Bischoff P, Standl T, et al: Narcotrend

and bispectral index monitor are superior to classic

electroencephalographic parameters for the asses-

sment of anesthetic states during propofol-remifen-

tanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 99:1072-1077,

2003.

197. Kreuer S, Wilhelm W, Grundmann U, et al: Narco-

trend index versus bispectral index as electroencep-

halogram measures of anesthetic drug effect during

propofol anesthesia. Anesth Analg 98:692-697,

2004.

198. Thornton C, Barrowcliffe MP, Konieczko KM, et al:

The auditory evoked response as an indicator of

awareness. Br J Anaesth 63:113-115, 1989.

Monitorización de la profundidad de la anestesia

1029

Sección III

Control de la anestesia