Miller Anestesia

1174 / 2894

1174 Control de la anestesia III
44. Panja M, Sarkar CN, Kumar S, et al: Reuse of pace-
maker. Indian Heart J 48:677–680, 1996.
45. Aldrete JA, Brown C, Daily J, Buerke V: Pacemaker
malfunction due to microcurrent injection from a
bioimpedance noninvasive cardiac output monitor.
J Clin Monit 11:131–133, 1995.
46. Levine PA: Response to “rate-adaptive cardiac
pacing”: Implications of environmental noise
during craniotomy. Anesthesiology 87:1261, 1997.
47. Madsen GM, Andersen C: Pacemaker-induced
tachycardia during general anaesthesia: A case
report. Br J Anaesth 63:360–361, 1989.
48. Rozner MA, Nishman RJ: Pacemaker-driven tachy-
cardia revisited. Anesth Analg 88:965, 1999.
49. Rozner MA, Nishman RJ: Electrocautery-induced
pacemaker tachycardia: Why does this error conti-
nue? Anesthesiology 96:773–774, 2002.
50. Interaction between minute ventilation rate–adap-
tive pacemakers and cardiac monitoring and diag-
nosticequipment.CenterforDevicesandRadiologic
Health. Published October 14, 1998. Available at
Accessed January 1, 2007.
51. Martin ET, Coman JA, Shellock FG, et al: Magnetic
resonance imaging and cardiac pacemaker safety at
1.5-Tesla. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1315–1324, 2004.
52. Hayes JJ, Juknavorian R, Maloney JD: The role(s) of
the industry employed allied professional. Pacing
Clin Electrophysiol 24:398–399, 2001.
53. Kleinman B, Hamilton J, Hariman R, et al: Apparent
failure of a precordial magnet and pacemaker pro-
grammer to convert a DDD pacemaker to VOO
mode during the use of the electrosurgical unit.
Anesthesiology 86:247–250, 1997.
54. Preisman S,Cheng DC: Life-threatening ventricular
dysrhythmias with inadvertent asynchronous tem-
porary pacing after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology
91:880–883, 1999.
55. Andersen C, Madsen GM: Rate-responsive pace-
makers and anaesthesia.A consideration of possible
implications. Anaesthesia 45:472–476, 1990.
56. Levine PA, Balady GJ, Lazar HL, et al: Electrocau-
tery and pacemakers: Management of the paced
patient subject to electrocautery. Ann Thorac Surg
41:313–317, 1986.
57. Rozner MA, Nguyen AD: Unexpected pacing thres-
hold changes during non-implant surgery.Anesthe-
siology 96:A1070, 2002.
58. Levine PA, Gauch P: Utilizacao clinica da autocap-
tura. Reblampa 16:31–41, 2003.
59. Chew EW, Troughear RH, Kuchar DL, Thorburn
CW: Inappropriate rate change in minute ventila-
tion rate responsive pacemakers due to interference
by cardiac monitors. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
20:276–282, 1997.
60. Walldén J, Gupta A, Carlsén HO: Supraventricular
tachycardia induced by Datex patient monitoring
system. Anesth Analg 86:1339, 1998.
61. Van Hemel NM, Hamerlijnck RP, Pronk KJ,Van der
Veen EP: Upper limit ventricular stimulation in
respiratory rate responsive pacing due to electro-
cautery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 12:1720–1723,
1989.
62. Wong DT, Middleton W: Electrocautery-induced
tachycardia in a rate-responsive pacemaker. Anes-
thesiology 94:710–711, 2001.
63. Southorn PA, Kamath GS, Vasdev GM, Hayes DL:
Monitoring equipment induced tachycardia in
patients with minute ventilation rate–responsive
pacemakers. Br J Anaesth 84:508–509, 2000.
64. Patel SI, Souter MJ: Equipment-related electrocar-
diographic artifacts: Causes, characteristics, conse-
quences, and correction. Anesthesiology 108:
138–148, 2008.
65. Rozner MA: Peripheral nerve stimulators can
inhibit monitor display of pacemaker pulses. J Clin
Anesth 16:117–120, 2004.
66. Samain E, Schauveliege F, Henry C, Marty J:
Outcome in patients with a cardiac pacemaker
undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology
95:A142, 2001.
67. Samain E, Marty J, Souron V, et al: Intraoperative
pacemaker malfunction during a shoulder arthros-
copy. Anesthesiology 93:306–307, 2000.
68. Pressly N. Review of MDR reports reinforces
concern about EMI. FDA User Facility Reporting
#20. Published 1997. Available at
Accessed January 1, 2007.
69. Rozner MA: Review of electrical interference in
implanted cardiac devices. Pacing Clin Electrophy-
siol 26:923–925, 2003.
70. Rozner MA, Burton AW, Kumar AJ: Pacemaker
complication during MRI. J Am Coll Cardiol
45:161–162, 2005.
71. Trankina MF, Black S, Gibby G: Pacemakers: Perio-
perative evaluation, management and complica-
tions. Anesthesiology 93:A1193, 2000.
72. Gimbel JR, Johnson D, Levine PA, Wilkoff BL: Safe
performance of magnetic resonance imaging on
five patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 19:913–919, 1996.
73. Gimbel JR, Kanal E, Schwartz KM, Wilkoff BL:
Outcome of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in
selected patients with implantable cardioverter defi-
brillators (ICDs). Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
28:270–273, 2005.
74. Alexopoulos GS, Frances RJ: ECT and cardiac
patientswithpacemakers.AmJPsychiatry137:1111–
1112, 1980.
75. Engelhardt L,Grosse J,Birnbaum J,Volk T: Inhibition
of a pacemaker during nerve stimulation for regional
anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 62:1071–1074, 2007.
76. O’Flaherty D, Wardill M, Adams AP: Inadvertent
suppression of a fixed rate ventricular pacemaker
using a peripheral nerve stimulator. Anaesthesia
48:687–689, 1993.
77. Moskowitz DM, Kahn RA, Camunas J, et al: Exter-
nal chest wall stimulation to suppress a permanent
transvenous pacemaker in a patient during endo-
vascular stent graft placement. Anesthesiology
89:531–533, 1998.
78. Philbin DM, Marieb MA, Aithal KH, Schoenfeld
MH: Inappropriate shocks delivered by an ICD as a
result of sensed potentials from a transcutaneous
electronic nerve stimulation unit. Pacing Clin Elec-
trophysiol 21:2010–2011, 1998.
79. Vlay SC: Electromagnetic interference and ICD dis-
charge related to chiropractic treatment. Pacing
Clin Electrophysiol 21:2009, 1998.
80. McKay RE,Rozner MA: Preventing pacemaker pro-
blems with nerve stimulators. Anaesthesia 63:
554–556, 2008, author reply 556-557.
81. Finfer SR: Pacemaker failure on induction of anaes-
thesia. Br J Anaesth 66:509–512, 1991.
82. Altose M, Leon-Ruiz E: Etomidate-induced pace-
maker-mediated ventricular tachycardia. Anesthe-
siology 106:1059–1060, 2007.
83. Rozner MA: Etomidate unlikely to have induced
pacemaker-mediated tachycardia. Anesthesiology
107:1036, author reply 1037, 2007.
84. Bohm A, Kayser S, Pinter A, Preda I: Intermittent
output failure of a VVI device due to the disintegra-
tion of the generator. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
24:127–128, 2001.
85. Grimm W, Menz V, Hoffmann J, et al: Complica-
tions of third-generation implantable cardioverter
defibrillator therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
22:206–211, 1999.
86. Rozner MA, Trankina MF: Intrathoracic gadgets:
Update on pacemakers and implantable cardiover-
ter defibrillators.ASA Refresher Course Anesthesiol
28:183–199, 2000.
87. Roth JV, Brody JD, Denham EJ: Positioning the
pacing esophageal stethoscope for transesophageal
atrial pacing without P-wave recording: Implica-
tions for transesophageal ventricular pacing.Anesth
Analg 83:48–54, 1996.
88. Mychaskiw G, Eichhorn JH: Interaction of an
implanted pacemaker with a transesophageal atrial
pacemaker: Report of a case. J Clin Anesth 11:
669–671, 1999.
89. Snow N: Acute myocardial ischemia during pace-
maker implantation: Implication for threshold
determinations and potential complications. Pacing
Clin Electrophysiol 6:35–37, 1983.
90. Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al: Improved sur-
vival with an implanted defibrillator in patients with
coronary disease at high risk for ventricular arr-
hythmia. Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator
Implantation Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med
335:1933–1940, 1996.
91. A.V.I.D.Investigators:A comparison of antiarrhyth-
mic-drug therapy with implantable defibrillators in
patients resuscitated from near-fatal ventricular
arrhythmias.The Antiarrhythmics versus Implanta-
ble Defibrillators (AVID) Investigators. N Engl J
Med 337:1576–1583, 1997.
92. Buxton AE, Lee KL, Fisher JD, et al: A randomized
study of the prevention of sudden death in patients
with coronary artery disease. Multicenter Unsustai-
ned Tachycardia Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med
341:1882–1890, 1999.
93. Moss A, Zareba W, Hall W, et al: Prophylactic
implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myo-
cardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N
Engl J Med 346:877–883, 2002.
94. BernsteinAD,CammAJ,Fisher JD,et al: NorthAme-
rican Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology policy
statement. The NASPE/BPEG defibrillator code.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 16:1776–1780, 1993.
95. Grimm W, Flores BF, Marchlinski FE: Electrocar-
diographically documented unnecessary, sponta-
neous shocks in 241 patients with implantable
cardioverter defibrillators. Pacing Clin Electrophy-
siol 15:1667–1673, 1992.
96. Hurst TM, Krieglstein H, Tillmanns H, Waldecker
B: Inappropriate management of self-terminating
ventricular arrhythmias by implantable cardiover-
ter defibrillators despite a specific reconfirmation
algorithm: A report of two cases. Pacing Clin Elec-
trophysiol 20:1328–1331, 1997.
97. Prasad K,KishoreAG,AndersonMH,et al: Inappro-
priate shocks in patients receiving internal cardio-
verter-defibrillators for malignant ventricular
arrhythmias. Indian Heart J 49:403–407, 1997.
98. Schumacher B, Tebbenjohanns J, Jung W, et al:
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial flutter
that elicits inappropriate implantable cardioverter
defibrillator discharge. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol
20:125–127, 1997.
99. Rozner MA: The patient with an implantable car-
dioverter-defibrillator. Prog Anesthesiol 13:43–52,
1999.
100. S tachycardia–ventricu-
lar tachycardia discrimination algorithms in implanta-
ble cardioverter defibrillators: State-of-the-art review.
J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12:606–612, 2001.
101. Wilkoff BL,Cook JR,EpsteinAE,et al: Dual-chamber
pacing or ventricular backup pacing in patients with
an implantable defibrillator—The Dual Chamber and
VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial. JAMA
288:3115–3123, 2002.