Miller Anestesia

soluble and relatively insoluble gases. Surg Endosc

11:341, 1997.

227. Lindgren L, Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I: Conven-

tional pneumoperitoneum compared with abdomi-

nal wall lift for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J

Anaesth 75:567, 1995.

228. McDermott JP, Regan MC, Page R, et al: Cardiores-

piratory effects of laparoscopy with and without gas

insufflation. Arch Surg 130:984, 1995.

229. Rademaker BM, Meyer DW, Bannenberg JJ, et al:

Laparoscopy without pneumoperitoneum: Effects

of abdominal wall retraction versus carbon dioxide

insufflation on hemodynamics and gas exchange in

pigs. Surg Endosc 9:797, 1995.

230. CasatiA,ValentiniG,FerrariS

,etal:Cardiorespiratory

changes during gynaecological laparoscopy by abdo-

minalwal

lelevation:Comparisonwithcarbondioxide

pneumoperitoneum. Br J Anaesth 78:51, 1997.

231. Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I, Scheinin M, et al:

Comparison of gasless mechanical and conventio-

nal carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum methods

for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Anesth Analg

86:153, 1998.

232. Koivusalo AM, Kellokumpu I, Scheinin M, et al:

Randomized comparison of the neuroendocrine

response to laparoscopic cholecystectomy using

either conventional or abdominal wall lift techni-

ques. Br J Surg 83:1532, 1996.

233. Bouvy ND, Marquet RL, Jeekel H, et al: Impact of

gas(less) laparoscopy and laparotomy on peritoneal

tumor growth and abdominal wall metastases. Ann

Surg 224:694, 1996.

234. Watson DI, Mathew G, Ellis T, et al: Gasless laparos-

copy may reduce the risk of port-site metastases

following laparoscopic tumor surgery. Arch Surg

132:166, 1997.

235. Visser BC, Glasgow RE, Mulvihill KK, et al: Safety

and timing of nonobstetric abdominal surgery in

pregnancy. Dig Surg 18:409, 2001.

236. Lemaire BM, van Erp WF: Laparoscopic surgery

during pregnancy. Surg Endosc 11:15, 1997.

237. Affleck DG, Handrahan DL, Egger MJ, et al: The

laparoscopic management of appendicitis and chole-

lithiasis during pregnancy. Am J Surg 178:523, 1999.

238. Barone JE, Bears S, Chen S, et al: Outcome study of

cholecystectomy during pregnancy. Am J Surg

177:232, 1999.

239. Carter JF, Soper DE: Operative laparoscopy in preg-

nancy. JSLS 8:57, 2004.

240. Oelsner G, StockheimD, Soriano D, et al: Pregnancy

outcome after laparoscopy or laparotomy in preg-

nancy. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 10:200, 2003.

241. Hunter JG, Swanstrom L, Thornburg K: Carbon

dioxide pneumoperitoneum induces fetal acidosis

in a pregnant ewe model. Surg Endosc 9:272, 1995.

242. Barnard JM, Chaffin D, Droste S, et al: Fetal res-

ponse to carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in the

pregnant ewe. Obstet Gynecol 85:669, 1995.

243. Bhavani-Shankar K, Steinbrook RA, Brooks DC, et

al: Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure

difference during laparoscopic surgery in preg-

nancy. Anesthesiology 93:370, 2000.

244. Steinbrook RA, Bhavani-Shankar K: Hemodyna-

mics during laparoscopic surgery in pregnancy.

Anesth Analg 93:1570, 2001.

245. Topel HC: Gasless laparoscopy under epidural anes-

thesia in a woman with a 14-week gestation. J Am

Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 2:S79, 1995.

246. Pelosi M: Gasless laparoscopy under epidural anes-

thesia during pregnancy. J AmAssoc Gynecol Lapa-

rosc 2:S75, 1995.

247. Veyckemans F: Celioscopic surgery in infants and

children: The anesthesiologist’s point of view. Pae-

diatr Anaesth 14:424, 2004.

248. Bergesio R, Habre W, Lanteri C, et al: Changes in

respiratory mechanics during abdominal laparos-

copic surgery in children. Anaesth Intensive Care

27:245, 1999.

249. Manner T, Aantaa R, Alanen M: Lung compliance

during laparoscopic surgery in paediatric patients.

Paediatr Anaesth 8:25, 1998.

250. Bannister CF, Brosius KK, Wulkan M: The effect of

insufflation pressure on pulmonary mechanics in

infants during laparoscopic surgical procedures.

Paediatr Anaesth 13:785, 2003.

251. Laffon M, Gouchet A, Sitbon P, et al: Difference

between arterial and end-tidal carbon dioxide pres-

sures during laparoscopy in paediatric patients. Can

J Anaesth 45:561, 1998.

252. Pacilli M, Pierro A, Kingsley C, et al: Absorption of

carbon dioxide during laparoscopy in children

measured using a novel mass spectrometric techni-

que. Br J Anaesth 97:215, 2006.

253. Gueugniaud PY, Abisseror M, Moussa M, et al: The

hemodynamic effects of pneumoperitoneumduring

laparoscopic surgery in healthy infants: Assessment

by continuous esophageal aortic blood flow echo-

Doppler. Anesth Analg 86:290, 1998.

254. Sakka SG, Huettemann E, Petrat G, et al: Transoe-

sophageal echocardiographic assessment of haemo-

dynamicchangesduringlaparoscopicherniorrhaphy

in small children. Br J Anaesth 84:330, 2000.

255. De Waal EE, Kalkman CJ: Haemodynamic changes

during low-pressure carbon dioxide pneumoperito-

neum in young children. Paediatr Anaesth 13:18,

2003.

256. Gentili A, Iannettone CM, Pigna A, et al: Cardiocir-

culatory changes during videolaparoscopy in chil-

dren: An echocardiographic study. Paediatr Anaesth

10:399, 2000.

257. Huettemann E, Sakka SG, Petrat G, et al: Left ven-

tricular regional wall motion abnormalities during

pneumoperitoneum in children. Br J Anaesth

90:733, 2003.

258. Gomez Dammeier BH, Karanik E, Gluer S, et al:

Anuria during pneumoperitoneum in infants and

children:Aprospectivestudy.JPediatrSurg4

0:1454,

2005.

259. Lejus C, Delile L, Plattner V, et al: Randomized,

single-blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open

appendectomy in children: Effects on postoperative

analgesia. Anesthesiology 84:801, 1996.

260. Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K: Single-blind rando-

mized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open

appendicectomy in children. Br J Surg 88:510,

2001.

261. Little DC, Custer MD, May BH, et al: Laparoscopic

appendectomy: An unnecessary and expensive pro-

cedure in children? J Pediatr Surg 37:310, 2002.

262. Lehmann-Willenbrock E, Riedel HH, et al: Pelviscopy/

laparoscopy and its complications in Germany,

1949-1988. J Reprod Med 37:671, 1992.

263. Hulka JF, Peterson HB, Phillips JM, et al: Operative

laparoscopy. American Association of Gynecologic

Laparoscopists 1991 membership survey. J Reprod

Med 38:569, 1993.

264. Deziel DJ, Millikan KW, Economou SG, et al: Com-

plications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A

national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis

of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg 165:9, 1993.

265. Vincent-Hamelin E, Pallares AC, Felipe JA, et al:

National survey on laparoscopic cholecystectomy

in Spain: Results of a multi-institutional study con-

ducted by the Committee for Endoscopic Surgery

(Associacion Espanola de Cirujanos). Surg Endosc

8:770, 1994.

266. Schlumpf R, Klotz HP, Wehrli H, et al: A nation’s

experience in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Pros-

pective multicenter analysis of 3722 cases. Surg

Endosc 8:35, 1994.

267. Croce E, Azzola M, Golia M, et al: Laparocholecys-

tectomy: 6,865 cases from Italian institutions. Surg

Endosc 8:1088, 1994.

268. Keus F, de Jong JA, Gooszen HG, et al: Laparoscopic

versus open cholecystectomy for patients with

symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Cochrane Data-

base Syst Rev 4:CD006231, 2006.

269. McMahon AJ, Baxter JN, O’Dwyer PJ: Preventing

complications of laparoscopy. Br J Surg 80:1593,

1993.

270. Club TSS: A prospective analysis of 1518 laparosco-

pic cholecystectomies. The Southern Surgeons Club.

N Engl J Med 324:1073, 1991.

271. Strasberg S, Sanabria J, Clavien P: Complications of

laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Can J Surg 35:275,

1992.

272. Wolfe BM, Gardiner BN, Leary BF, et al: Endoscopic

cholecystectomy: An analysis of complications.

Arch Surg 126:1192, 1991.

273. Boni L, Benevento A, Rovera F, et al: Infective com-

plications in laparoscopic surgery. Surg Infect

(Larchmt) 7(Suppl 2):S109, 2006.

274. Akca O, Lenhardt R, Fleischmann E, et al: Nitrous

oxide increases the incidence of bowel distension in

patients undergoing elective colon resection. Acta

Anaesthesiol Scand 48:894, 2004.

275. Jensen AG, Prevedoros H, Kullman E, et al: Perope-

rative nitrous oxide does not influence recovery

after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthe-

siol Scand 37:683, 1993.

276. Oikkonen M: Propofol vs isoflurane for gynaecolo-

gical laparoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 38:110,

1994.

277. Jakobsson J, Rane K, Ryberg G: Anaesthesia during

laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: A comparison

between desflurane and isoflurane. Eur J Anaesthe-

siol 14:148, 1997.

278. de Grood PM, Harbers JB, van Egmond J, et al:

Anaesthesia for laparoscopy: A comparison of five

techniques including propofol, etomidate, thiopen-

tone and isoflurane. Anaesthesia 42:815, 1987.

279. Bailie R, Craig G, Restall J: Total intravenous anaes-

thesia for laparoscopy. Anaesthesia 44:60, 1989.

280. Marshall CA, Jones RM, Bajorek PK, et al: Recovery

characteristics using isoflurane or propofol for

maintenance of anaesthesia: A double-blind contro-

lled trial. Anaesthesia 47:461, 1992.

281. Vincent RD Jr, Syrop CH, Van Voorhis BJ, et al: An

evaluation of the effect of anesthetic technique on

reproductive success after laparoscopic pronuclear

stage transfer: Propofol/nitrous oxide versus

isoflurane/nitrous oxide. Anesthesiology 82:352, 1995.

282. Chassard D, Berrada K, Tournadre J, et al: The

effects of neuromuscular block on peak airway

pressure and abdominal elastance during pneumo-

peritoneum. Anesth Analg 82:525, 1996.

283. Goodwin AP, Rowe WL, Ogg TW: Day case laparos-

copy: A comparison of two anaesthetic techniques

using the laryngeal mask during spontaneous brea-

thing. Anaesthesia 47:892, 1992.

284. Swann DG, Spens H, Edwards SA, et al: Anaesthesia

for gynaecological laparoscopy—a comparison

between the laryngeal mask airway and tracheal

intubation. Anaesthesia 48:431, 1993.

285. Brimacombe J: Laparoscopy and the laryngeal mask

airway. Br J Anaesth 73:121, 1994.

286. Tobias JD, Holcomb GW 3rd, Brock JW 3rd, et al:

General anesthesia by mask with spontaneous ventila-

tion during brief laparoscopic inspection of the peri-

toneum in children. J Laparoendosc Surg 4:379, 1994.

287. Maltby JR, Beriault MT, Watson NC, et al: Gastric

distension and ventilation during laparoscopic

Anestesia para la cirugía laparoscópica

1967

Sección IV

Anestesia por subespecialidades en el adulto