Miller Anestesia

91. Vessey DA: Metabolism of xenobiotics by the

human liver.

Zakim D, Boyer T (eds): Hepato-

logy: A Textbook of Liver Disease, 3rd ed. Philadel-

phia, WB Saunders, 1996, p 257.

92. Estabrook R: An introduction to the cytochrome

P450s. Mol Aspects Med 20:5, 1999.

93. Murray M: Induction and inhibition of CYPs and

implications for medicine. Mol Aspects Med 20:24,

1999.

94. Hasler JA: Pharmacogenetics of cytochromes P450.

Mol Aspects Med 20:12, 1999.

95. Sies H: Oxidative stress: From basic research to cli-

nical application. Am J Med 91:31S, 1991.

96. Sinclair JF, Szakacs JG, Wood SG, et al: Acetamino-

phen hepatotoxicity precipitated by short-term

treatment of rats with ethanol and isopentanol: Pro-

tection by triacetyloleandomycin. Biochem Phar-

macol 59:445, 2000.

97. Sesardic D, Boobis AR, Edwards RJ, et al: A form of

cytochrome P450 in man, orthologous to that

formed in the rat, catalyses the

-deethylation of

phenacetin and is inducible by cigarette smoking.

Br J Clin Pharmacol 26:363, 1988.

98. Moore LB, Goodwin B, Jones SA, et al: St. John’s

wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through

activation of the pregnane X receptor. Proc Natl

Acad Sci U S A 97:7500, 2000.

99. Goodwin B, Hodgson E, Liddle C: The orphan

human pregnane X receptor mediates the transcrip-

tional activation of CYP3A4 by rifampicin through

a distal enhancer module. Mol Pharmacol 56:1329,

1999.

100. Moore LB, Parks DJ, Jones SA, et al: Orphan nuclear

receptors constitutive androstane receptor and

pregnane X receptor share xenobiotic and steroid

ligands. J Biol Chem 275:15122, 2000.

101. del Castillo-Olivares A, Gil G: Role of FXR and FTF

in bile acid–mediated suppression of cholesterol

-hydroxylase transcription. Nucleic Acids Res

28:3587, 2000.

102. Meech R, Mackenzie PI: Structure and function of

uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases. Clin

Exp Pharmacol Physiol 24:907, 1997.

103. Lee J, Boyer JL: Molecular alterations in hepatocyte

transport mechanisms in acquired cholestatic liver

disorders. Semin Liver Dis 20:373, 2000.

104. Trauner M, Meier PJ, Boyer JL: Molecular pathoge-

nesis of cholestasis. N Engl J Med 339:1217, 1998.

105. Huang L, Smit JW, Meijer DK, et al: Mrp2 is essen-

tial for estradiol-17

(

-d-glucuronide)–induced

cholestasis in rats. Hepatology 32:66, 2000.

106. Stieger B, Fattinger K, Madon J, et al: Drug- and

estrogen-induced cholestasis through inhibition of

the hepatocellular bile salt export pump (Bsep) of

rat liver. Gastroenterology 118:422, 2000.

107. George J, Byth K, Farrell GC: Influence of clinico-

pathological variables on CYP protein expression in

human liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 11:33, 1996.

108. Whitehouse MW, Beck FJ: Impaired drug metabo-

lism in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis: A brief

review. Drug Metab Dispos 1:251, 1973.

109. Elin RJ, Vesell ES,Wolff SM: Effects of etiocholano-

lone-induced fever on plasma antipyrine half-lives

and metabolic clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther

17:447, 1975.

110. Alvares AP, Anderson KE, Conney AH, et al: Inte-

ractions between nutritional factors and drug bio-

transformations in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

73:2501, 1976.

111. Pantuck EJ, Pantuck CB, Weissman C, et al: Effects

of parenteral nutritional regimens on oxidative

drug metabolism. Anesthesiology 60:534, 1984.

112. Wilkinson GR, Schenker S: Drug disposition and

liver disease. Drug Metab Rev 4:139, 1975.

113. Wilkinson GR, Shand DG: Commentary: A physio-

logical approach to hepatic drug clearance. Clin

Pharmacol Ther 18:377, 1975.

114. Williams RL, Mamelok RD: Hepatic disease and

drug pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 5:528,

1980.

115. Williams RL: Drug administration in hepatic

disease. N Engl J Med 309:1616, 1983.

116. Adedoyin A, Branch RA: Pharmacokinetics. In

Zakim D, Boyer T (eds): Hepatology: A Textbook of

Liver Disease, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders,

1996, pp 307.

117. Davern TJ, Scharschmidt BF: Biochemical liver

tests.

Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH

(eds): Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and

Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Manage-

ment, 7th ed. St Louis, WB Saunders, 2002,

p 1227.

118. Hussey AJ, Aldridge LM, Paul D, et al: Plasma glu-

tathione

-transferase concentration as a measure

of hepatocellular integrity following a single general

anaesthetic with halothane, enflurane or isoflurane.

Br J Anaesth 60:130, 1988.

119. Redick JA, Jakoby WB, Baron J: Immunohistoche-

mical localization of glutathione

-transferases in

livers of untreated rats. J Biol Chem 257:15200,

1982.

120. RothschildMA,Oratz M,Zimmon D,et al:Albumin

synthesis in cirrhotic subjects with ascites studied

with carbonate-

C. J Clin Invest 48:344, 1969.

121. Sussman NL: Fulminant hepatic failure.

Zakim

D, Boyer T (eds): Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver

Disease, 3rd ed. Philadelphia,WB Saunders, 1996, p

618.

122. Aranha GV, Greenlee HB: Intra-abdominal surgery

in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Arch Surg

121:275, 1986.

123. Roy-Chowdhury J, Jansen PLM: Bilirubin metabo-

lism and its disorders.

Zakim D, Boyer T (eds):

Hepatology: A Textbook of Liver Disease, 3rd ed.

Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1996, pp 323.

124. Zamanou A, Tsirogianni A, Terzoglou C, et al: Anti–

smooth muscle antibodies (ASMAs) and anti-

cytoskeleton antibodies (ACTAs) in liver diseases:

A comparison of classical indirect immunofluores-

cence with ELISA. J Clin Lab Anal 16:194, 2002.

125. Strassburg CP, Manns MP: Autoimmune tests in

primary biliary cirrhosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gas-

troenterol 14:585, 2000.

126. Nocente R, Ceccanti M, Bertazzoni G, et al: HCV

infection and extrahepatic manifestations. Hepato-

gastroenterology 50:1149, 2003.

127. Invernizzi P, Crosignani A, Battezzati PM, et al:

Comparison of the clinical features and clinical

course of antimitochondrial antibody–positive and

–negative primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology

25:1090, 1997.

128. Long SA, Van de Water J, Gershwin ME: Antimito-

chondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis:

The role of xenobiotics. Autoimmun Rev 1:37,

2002.

129. Jones DE: Autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis.

J Clin Pathol 53:813, 2000.

130. Nishio A, Bass NM, Luketic VA, et al: Primary

biliary cirrhosis: From induction to destruction.

Semin Gastrointest Dis 12:89, 2001.

131. Lacerda MA, Ludwig J, Dickson ER, et al: Antimi-

tochondrial antibody–negative primary biliary cirr-

hosis. Am J Gastroenterol 90:247, 1995.

132. Czaja AJ: Autoimmune hepatitis.

Feldman M,

Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger &

Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease:

Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management,7th ed.St

Louis, WB Saunders, 2002, p 1462.

133. Ajisaka H, Shimizu K, Miwa K: Immunohistoche-

mical study of protein induced by vitamin K

absence or antagonist II in hepatocellular carci-

noma. J Surg Oncol 84:89, 2003.

134. Fujioka M, Nakashima Y, Nakashima O, et al:

Immunohistologic study on the expressions of

alpha-fetoprotein and protein induced by vitamin

K absence or antagonist II in surgically resected

small hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology

34:1128, 2001.

135. Cui R, He J, Zhang F, et al: Diagnostic value of

protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKAII)

and hepatoma-specific band of serum gamma-glu-

tamyl transferase (GGTII) as hepatocellular carci-

noma markers complementary to alpha-fetoprotein.

Br J Cancer 88:1878, 2003.

136. Sugimoto H, Takeda S, Inoue S, et al: Des-gamma-

carboxy prothrombin (DCP) ratio, a novel parame-

ter measured by monoclonal antibodies MU-3 and

19B7, as a new prognostic indicator for hepatoce-

llular carcinoma. Liver Int 23:38, 2003.

137. Yamanaka J,Yamanaka N, Nakasho K, et al: Clinico-

pathologic analysis of stage II-III hepatocellular car-

cinoma showing early massive recurrence after liver

resection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:1192, 2000.

138. Barnes P, Lunzer M, O’Halloran M: Comparative

sensitivity of serum cholylglycine concentration

and bromsulphalein retention in patients with early

and late alcoholic liver disease. Aust N Z J Med

16:785, 1986.

139. Denaro CP, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz NL: Evaluation

of pharmacokinetic methods used to estimate

caffeine clearance and comparison with a Bayesian

forecasting method. Ther Drug Monit 20:78, 1998.

140. Jover R, Carnicer F, Sanchez-Paya J, et al: Salivary

caffeine clearance predicts survival in patients with

liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 92:1905, 1997.

141. Wahllander A, Mohr S, Paumgartner G: Assessment

of hepatic function. Comparison of caffeine clea-

rance in serum and saliva during the day and at

night. J Hepatol 10:129, 1990.

142. Schnegg M, Lauterburg BH: Quantitative liver

function in the elderly assessed by galactose elimi-

nation capacity, aminopyrine demethylation and

caffeine clearance. J Hepatol 3:164, 1986.

143. Szabo G, Benyo I, Sandor J, et al: Estimation of the

hepatic blood flow in the dog with the Xe

133

and

hydrogen wash-out Au

190

-colloid uptake techniques

and with the electromagnetic flowmeter. Res Exp

Med 169:69, 1976.

144. Kraul H, Truckenbrodt J, Sigusch H, et al: [Compa-

rison of ICG elimination with biotransformation of

model substances and histological features of liver

biopsy in liver diseases.]. Gastroenterol J 51:123,

1991.

145. Huet PM, Lavoie P, Viallet A: Simultaneous estima-

tion of hepatic and portal blood flows by an indicator

dilution technique. J Lab Clin Med 82:836, 1973.

146. Hopkinson BR, SchenkWG Jr: The electromagnetic

measurement of liver blood flow and cardiac output

in conscious dogs during feeding and exercise.

Surgery 63:970, 1968.

147. Whitcomb DC: Hereditary and childhood disor-

ders of the pancreas, including cystic fibrosis.

Feldman M, Friedman LS, Sleisenger MH (eds):

Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver

Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management,

7th ed. St Louis, WB Saunders, 2002, p 881.

148. Ostroff JW, LaBerge JM: Endoscopic and radiologic

treatment of biliary disease.

Feldman M, Fried-

man LS, Sleisenger MH (eds): Sleisenger &

Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease:

Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management,7th ed.St

Louis, WB Saunders, 2002, p 1167.

Fisiología y fisiopatología hepáticas

203

Sección I

Fisiología y anestesia