Table of Contents Table of Contents
Previous Page  2492 / 2894 Next Page
Information
Show Menu
Previous Page 2492 / 2894 Next Page
Page Background

estar planificada para no interferir con el programa quirúrgico

y la recuperación postoperatoria. La terapia electroconvulsiva

es, de alguna manera única, ya que requiere anestesia general

realizada por un anestesiólogo. Normalmente, estos procedi-

mientos cortos pueden realizarse antes que los casos quirúrgi-

cos rutinarios. Un programa de terapia electroconvulsiva exi­

toso planifica el procedimiento a las 5.30 AM, con una propor­

ción enfermera-paciente de 2:1 y una estancia estimada en la

URPA de 2 horas

168 .

Resumen

La URPA es más que una unidad de observación postanestésica. Es

única en su capacidad de proporcionar cuidados a pacientes de

todas las edades y en todas las fases de la enfermedad. Desde sus

inicios hace más de 50 años, la URPA ha demostrado ser una

unidad que se adapta a todo y que está equipada para suplir las

necesidades de un sistema de cuidados de salud en desarrollo.

Bibliografía

1. Standards of the American Society of Anesthesio-

logists; Standards for Postanesthesia Care, Appro-

ved by the House of Delegates on Oct. 12, 1988 and

last amended on Oct. 27, 2004. Copyright © 1999.

American Society of Anesthesiologists.

2. Practice guidelines for postanesthetic care: A report

by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task

Force on Postanesthetic Care. Anesthesiology

96:742-752, 2002.

3. Hines R, Barash PG, Watrous G, O’Connor T: Com-

plications occurring in the postanesthesia care unit:

A survey. Anesth Analg 74:503-509, 1992.

4. Zeitlin G: Recovery room mishaps in the ASA

closed claims study. ASA Newsletter 53(7),

1989.

5. Kluger MT, Bullock MF: Recovery room incidents:

A review of 419 reports from the Anaesthetic Inci-

dent Monitoring Study (AIMS). Anaesthesia

57:1060-1066, 2002.

6. Siddiqui N, Teresi J, Arzola C, Fox G: Hypoxemia on

arrival to PACU: An observational audit. Can J

Anesth 53(Suppl 1), 2006.

7. Mathes DD, Conaway MR, Ross WT: Ambulatory

surgery: Room air versus nasal cannula oxygen

during transport after general anesthesia. Anesth

Analg 93:917-921, 2001.

8. Benumof JL: Obstructive sleep apnea in the adult

obese patient: Implications for airway management.

J Clin Anesth 13:144-156, 2001.

9. Kopman AF, Yee PS, Neuman GG: Relationship of

the train-of-four fade ratio to clinical signs and

symptoms of residual paralysis in awake volunteers.

Anesthesiology 86:765-771, 1997.

10. Eriksson LI, Sundman E, Olsson R, et al: Functional

assessment of the pharynx at rest and during swa-

llowing in partially paralyzed humans: Simulta-

neous videomanometry and mechanomyography

of awake human volunteers. Anesthesiology

87:1035-1043, 1997.

11. Bevan DR: Neuromuscular blockade: Inadvertent

extubation of the partially paralyzed patient. Anes-

thesiol Clin North Am 19:913-922, 2001.

12. Shaha AR, Jaffe BM: Practical management of post-

thyroidectomy hematoma. J Surg Oncol 57:235-238,

1994.

13. Shen WT, Kebebew E, Duh QY, Clark OH: Predic-

tors of airway complications after thyroidectomy

for substernal goiter. Arch Surg 139:656-659, 2004;

discussion 659-660.

14. Self DD, Bryson GL, Sullivan PJ: Risk factors for

post-carotid endarterectomy hematoma formation.

Can J Anaesth 46:635-640, 1999.

15. Venna RRJ: A nine-year retrospective review of

postoperative airway related problems in patients

following multilevel anterior cervical corpectomy.

Anesthesiology 95:A1171, 2001.

16. Fisher MM, Raper RF: The “cuff-leak” test for extu-

bation. Anaesthesia 47:10-12, 1992.

17. Adderley RJ, Mullins GC: When to extubate the

croup patient: The “leak” test. Can J Anaesth 34:

304-306, 1987.

18. De Bast Y, De Backer D, Moraine JJ, et al: The cuff

leak test to predict failure of tracheal extubation for

laryngeal edema. Intensive Care Med 28:1267-1272,

2002.

19. Vidhani K, Langham BT: Obstructive sleep apnoea

syndrome: Is this an overlooked cause of desatura-

tion in the immediate postoperative period? Br J

Anaesth 78:442-443, 1997.

20. American Sleep Apnea Association: Sleep apnea

and BMI: The majority of OSA patients are not

obese. 2007. Available at

www.sleepapnea.org

.

21. Hillman DR, Platt PR, Eastwood PR: The upper

airway during anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 91:31-39,

2003.

22. Brodsky JB, Lemmens HJ, Brock-Utne JG, et al:

Morbid obesity and tracheal intubation. Anesth

Analg 94:732-736, 2002.

23. Siyam MA, Benhamou D: Difficult endotracheal

intubation in patients with sleep apnea syndrome.

Anesth Analg 95:1098-1102, 2002.

24. Loadsman JA, Hillman DR: Anaesthesia and sleep

apnoea. Br J Anaesth 86:254-266, 2001.

25. Cullen DJ: Obstructive sleep apnea and postopera-

tive analgesia—a potentially dangerous combina-

tion. J Clin Anesth 13:83-85, 2001.

26. Dhonneur G, Combes X, Leroux B, Duvaldestin P:

Postoperative obstructive apnea. Anesth Analg

89:762-767, 1999.

27. Gross JB, Bachenberg KL, Benumof JL, et al: Prac-

tice guidelines for the perioperative management of

patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A report by

the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task

Force on perioperative management of patients

with obstructive sleep apnea. Anesthesiology

104:1081-1093, 2006.

28. Lickteig C, Grigg P: Risks of OSA and anesthesia.

Sleep Rev, January-February, 2003.

29. Daley MD, Norman PH, Colmenares ME, Sandler

AN: Hypoxaemia in adults in the post-anaesthesia

care unit. Can J Anaesth 38:740-746, 1991.

30. Rock P, Rich PB: Postoperative pulmonary compli-

cations. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 16:123-131, 2003.

31. Lumb A: Nunn’s Applied Respiratory Physiology,

6th ed. Philadelphia, Butterworth-Heinemann,

2005.

32. Herrick IA, Mahendran B, Penny FJ: Postobstruc-

tive pulmonary edema following anesthesia. J Clin

Anesth 2:116-120, 1990.

33. Silva PS, Monteiro Neto H, Andrade MM, Neves

CV: Negative-pressure pulmonary edema: A rare

complication of upper airway obstruction in chil-

dren. Pediatr Emerg Care 21:751-754, 2005.

34. Goldsmith WW, Pandharipande PP: Transfusion-

related acute lung injury—does the anesthesiologist

need to worry about this? J Clin Anesth 17:366-368,

2005.

35. Barrett NA, Kam PC: Transfusion-related acute

lung injury: A literature review. Anaesthesia 61:777-

785, 2006.

36. Silliman CC, McLaughlin NJ: Transfusion-related

acute lung injury. Blood Rev 20:139-159, 2006.

37. Curtis BR, McFarland JG: Mechanisms of transfu-

sion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Anti-leu-

kocyte antibodies. Crit Care Med 34(5 Suppl)

S118-S123, 2006.

38. Moore SB: Transfusion-related acute lung injury

(TRALI): Clinical presentation, treatment, and

prognosis. Crit Care Med 34(5 Suppl)S114-S117,

2006.

39. Swanson K, Dwyre DM, Krochmal J, Raife TJ:

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI):

Current clinical and pathophysiologic considera-

tions. Lung 184:177-185, 2006.

40. Toy P, Popovsky MA, AbrahamE, et al: Transfusion-

related acute lung injury: Definition and review.

Crit Care Med 33:721-726, 2005.

41. DiBenedetto RJ, Gravenstein N: Against routine

postoperative oxygen administration in the PACU.

J Clin Monit 11:408-410, 1995.

42. DiBenedetto RJ, Graves SA, Gravenstein N,

Konicek C: Pulse oximetry monitoring can change

routine oxygen supplementation practices in the

postanesthesia care unit. Anesth Analg 78:365-368,

1994.

43. Johnstone RE: Studies of cost savings require cost

measurements. Anesth Analg 79:816-817, 1994.

44. Hopf H, Sessler DI: Routine postoperative oxygen

supplementation. Anesth Analg 79:615-616, 1994.

45. Russell GB, Graybeal JM: Hypoxemic episodes of

patients in a postanesthesia care unit. Chest

104:899-903, 1993.

46. Scuderi PE, Mims GR 3rd, Weeks DB, et al: Oxygen

administration during transport and recovery after

outpatient surgery does not prevent episodic arte-

rial desaturation. J Clin Anesth 8:294-300, 1996.

47. Gravenstein D: For routine postoperative oxygen

administration in the PACU. J Clin Monit 11:406-

408, 1995.

48. Greif R, Laciny S, Rapf B, et al: Supplemental oxygen

reduces the incidence of postoperative nausea and

vomiting. Anesthesiology 91:1246-1252, 1999.

49. Goll V, Akca O, Greif R, et al: Ondansetron is no

more effective than supplemental intraoperative

oxygen for prevention of postoperative nausea and

vomiting. Anesth Analg 92:112-117, 2001.

50. Donaldson AB: The effect of supplemental oxygen

on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children

undergoing dental work. Anaesth Intensive Care

33:744-748, 2005.

51. Joris JL, Poth NJ, Djamadar AM, et al: Supplemental

oxygen does not reduce postoperative nausea and

vomiting after thyroidectomy. Br J Anaesth 91:857-

861, 2003.

52. Treschan TA, Zimmer C, Nass C, et al: Inspired

oxygen fraction of 0.8 does not attenuate postope-

rative nausea and vomiting after strabismus surgery.

Anesthesiology 103:6-10, 2005.

53. Piper SN, Rohm KD, Boldt J, et al: Inspired oxygen

fraction of 0.8 compared with 0. 4 does not further

reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting in dola-

setron-treated patients undergoing laparoscopic

cholecystectomy. Br J Anaesth 97:647-653, 2006.

54. Kober A, Fleischackl R, Scheck T, et al: A randomi-

zed controlled trial of oxygen for reducing nausea

and vomiting during emergency transport of

patients older than 60 years with minor trauma.

Mayo Clin Proc 77:35-38, 2002.

55. Kabon B, Kurz A: Optimal perioperative oxygen

administration. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol Feb 19:11-

18, 2006.

56. Greif R, Akca O, Horn EP, et al: Supplemental perio-

perative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-

wound infection. Outcomes Research Group.

N Engl J Med 342:161-167, 2002.

2492

Cuidados postoperatorios

VI