10. Cole L, Bellomo R, Davenport P, et al: Cytokine
removal during continuous renal replacement
therapy: An ex vivo comparison of convection and
diffusion. Int J Artif Organs 27:388-397, 2004.
11. Ricci Z, Ronco C, Bachetoni A, et al: Solute removal
during continuous renal replacement therapy in cri-
tically ill patients: Convection versus diffusion. Crit
Care 10:R67, 2006.
12. Ricci Z, Bellomo R, Ronco C: Dose of dialysis in acute
renal failure. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1:380-388,
2006.
13. Eknoyan G, Levin N: NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice
guidelines: update 2000. Am J Kidney Dis 38:917,
2001.
14. Arabed G, Knoyan E, Erald G, et al: Effect of dialysis
dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialy-
sis. N Engl J Med 347:2010-2019, 2002.
15. Ricci Z, Salvatori G, Bonello M, et al: In vivo valida-
tion of the adequacy calculator for continuous renal
replacement therapies. Crit Care 9:R266-R273,
2005.
16. Brause M, Nuemann A, Schumacher T, et al: Effect of
filtration volume of continuous venovenous hemofil-
tration in the treatment of patients with acute renal
failure in intensive care units. Crit Care Med 31:841-
846, 2003.
17. Paganini EP, Tapolyai M, Goormastic M, et al: Esta-
blishing a dialysis therapy/patient outcome link in
intensive care unit: Acute dialysis for patients with
acute renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 28(Suppl 3)S81-
S89, 1996.
18. SchifflH, Lang SM, Fischer R: Daily hemodialysis and
the outcome of acute renal failure. N Engl J Med
346:305-310, 2002.
19. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Homel P, et al: Effects of diffe-
rent doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltra-
tion on outcomes of acute renal failure: A prospective
randomised trial. Lancet 356:26-30, 2000.
20. Uchino S, Bellomo R, Morimatsu H, et al: Continuous
renal replacement therapy: A worldwide practice
survey: The Beginning and Ending Supportive
Therapy for the Kidney (B.E.S.T. Kidney) Investiga-
tors. Intensive Care Med 33:1563-1570, 2007.
21. Bouman C, Oudemans-van Straaten H, Tijssen J, et al:
Effects of early high-volume continuous veno-venous
hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal
function in intensive care patients with acute renal
failure: A prospective randomized trial. Crit Care
Med 30:2205-2211, 2002.
22. Saudan P, Niederberger M, De Seigneux S, et al:
Adding a dialysis dose to continuous hemofiltration
increases survival in patients with acute renal failure.
Kidney Int 70:1312-1317, 2006.
23. Kellum JA: Renal replacement therapy in critically ill
patients with acute renal failure: Does a greater dose
improve survival? Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 3:128-129,
2007.
24. Uchino S, Fealy N, Baldwin I, et al: Continuous is not
continuous: The incidence and impact of circuit
“down-time” on uraemic control during continuous
veno-venous haemofiltration. Intensive Care Med
29:575-578, 2003.
25. Evanson JA, Himmelfarb J, Wingard R, et al: Prescri-
bed versus delivered dialysis in acute renal failure
patients. Am J Kidney Dis 32:731-738, 1998.
26. Venkataraman R, Kellum JA, Palevsky P: Dosing pat-
terns for CRRT at a large academic medical center in
the United States. J Crit Care 17:246-250, 2002.
27. Clark WR, Mueller BA, Kraus MA, Macias WL:
Renal replacement quantification in acute renal
failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 13(Suppl 6)86-90,
1998.
28. Dellinger PR, Carlet JM, Masur H, et al: Surviving
Sepsis Campaign guidelines for management of
severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 32:858-
873, 2004.
29. Mehta RL, McDonald B, Gabbai FB, et al: A randomi-
zed clinical trial of continuous versus intermittent
dialysis for acute renal failure. Kidney Int 60:1154-
1163, 2001.
30. Vinsonneau C, Camus C, Combes A, et al: Conti-
nuous venovenous haemodiafiltration versus inter-
mittent haemodialysis for acute renal failure in
patients with multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome:
A multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 29:379-385,
2006.
31. Kellum J, Palevsky PM: Renal support in acute kidney
injury. Lancet 29:344-345, 2006.
32. Guerin C, Girard R, Selli JM, Ayzac L: Intermittent
versus continuous renal replacement therapy for
acute renal failure in intensive care units: Results from
a multicenter prospective epidemiological survey.
Intensive Care Med 28:1411-1418, 2002.
33. Uehlinger DE, Jakob SM, Ferrari P, et al: Comparison
of continuous and intermittent renal replacement
therapy for acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Trans-
plant 20:1630-1637, 2005.
34. Schortgen F, Soubrier N, Delclaux C, et al: Hemody-
namic tolerance of intermittent hemodialysis in
critically ill patients: usefulness of practice guideli-
nes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:197-202, 2000.
35. Butler R, Keenan SP, Inman KJ, et al: Is there a prefe-
rred technique for weaning the difficult-to-wean
patient? A systematic review of the literature. Crit
Care Med 27:2331-2336, 1999.
36. Marshall MR, Golper TA, Shaver MJ, et al: Urea kine-
tics during sustained low efficiency dialysis in critica-
lly ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy.
Am J Kidney Dis 39:556-570, 2002.
37. Naka T, Baldwin I, Bellomo R, et al. Prolonged daily
intermittent renal replacement therapy in ICU
patients by ICU nurses and ICU physicians. Int J Artif
Organs 27:380-387.
38. Kumar VA, CraigM, Depner T, Yeun JY: Extended daily
dialysis: A new approach to renal replacement for acute
renal failure in the intensive care unit. Am J Kidney Dis
36:294-300, 2000.
39. Kielstein JT, Kretschmer U, Ernst T, et al: Efficacy and
cardiovascular tolerability of extended dialysis in cri-
tically ill patients: A randomized controlled study. Am
J Kidney Dis 43:342-349, 2004.
40. Baldwin I, Naka T, Koch B, et al: A pilot randomised
controlled comparison of continuous veno-venous
haemofiltration and extended daily dialysis with fil-
tration: Effect on small solutes and acid-base balance.
Intensive Care Med 33:830-835, 2007.
41. Bellomo R, Baldwin I, Ronco C: High-volume hemo-
filtration. Contrib Nephrol 132:375-382, 2001.
42. Morgera S, Haase M, Kuss T, et al: Pilot study on the
effects of high cutoff hemofiltration on the need for
norepinephrine in septic patients with acute renal
failure. Crit Care Med 34:2099-2104, 2006.
43. Tan HK, Baldwin I, Bedllomo R: Continuous veno-
venous hemofiltration without anticoagulation in
high-risk patients. Intensive Care Med 26:1652-1657,
2000.
44. Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Rotelli C, et al: Continuous
haemofiltration in acute renal failure with prostacy-
clin as the sole anti-haemostatic agent. Intensive Care
Med 28:586-593, 2002.
45. Kutsogiannis DJ, Gibney N, Stollery D, Gao J: Regio-
nal citrate versus systemic heparin anticoagulation for
continuous renal replacement in critically ill patients.
Kidney Int 67:2361-2367, 2005.
46. Monchi M, Berghmans D, Ledoux D, et al: Citrate vs.
heparin for anticoagulation in continuous venove-
nous hemofiltration: A prospective randomized study.
Intensive Care Med 30:260-265, 2004.
47. Groodendorst AF: High volume hemofiltration impro-
ves haemodynamics of endotoxin-induced shock in
the pig. J Crit Care 7:67-75, 1992.
48. Rogiers P: Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration
improves cardiac performance by mechanism other
then tumor necrosis factor alpha attenuation during
endotoxic shock. Crit Care Med 27:1848-1855,
1999.
49. Bellomo R: The effect of intensive plasma water
exchange by hemofiltration on haemodynamics and
soluble mediators in canine endotoxemia. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med 161:1429-1436, 2000.
50. Lonneman G: Tumor necrosis factor alpha during
continuous high-flux hemodialysis in sepsis with
acute renal failure. Kidney Int 56:S84-S87, 1999.
51. Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Bosman RJ, van der
Spoel JI, Zandstra DF: Outcome of critically ill
patients treated with high volume hemofiltration: A
prospective cohort analysis. Intensive Care Med
25:814-821, 1999.
52. Honore PM, Jamez J, Wauthier M, et al: Prospective
evaluation of short-term, high volume isovolemic
hemofiltration on the hemodynamic course and
outcome in patients with intractable circulatory
failure resulting from septic shock. Crit Care Med
28:3581-3587, 2000.
53. Cole L, Bellomo R, Journois D, et al. High-volume
hemofiltration in human septic shock: Intensive Care
Med 27:978-986, 2001.
54. Cole L, Bellomo R, Hart G, et al: A phase II randomi-
zed, controlled trial of continuous hemofiltration in
sepsis. Crit Care Med 30:100-106, 2002.
55. Ronco C, Brendolan A, Lonnemann G, et al: A pilot
study of coupled plasma filtration with adsorption
in septic shock. Crit Care Med 30:1250-1255,
2002.
56. Formica M, Olivieri C, Livigni S, et al: Hemodynamic
response to coupled plasma filtration-adsorption in
human septic shock. Intensive Care Med 29:703-708,
2003.
57. Leyh RG, Bartels C, Joubert-Hubner E, et al: Influence
of modified ultrafiltration on coagulation, fibrinolysis
and blood loss in adult cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardio-
thorac Surg 19:145-151, 2001.
58. Onoe M, Magara T, Yamamoto Y, Nojima T: Modified
ultrafiltration removes serum interleukin-8 in adult
cardiac surgery. Perfusion 16:37-42, 2001.
59. Blanchard N, Toque Y, Trojette F, et al: Hemodynamic
and echocardiographic effects of hemofiltration per-
formed during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiotho-
rac Vasc Anesth 14:393-398, 2000.
60. Boga M, Islamoglu, Badak I, et al: The effects of
modified hemofiltration on inflammatory mediators
and cardiac performance in coronary artery bypass
grafting. Perfusion 15:143-150, 2000.
61. Grunenfelder J, Zund G, Schoeberlein A, et al: Modi-
fied ultrafiltration lowers adhesion molecule and
cytokine levels after cardiopulmonary bypass without
clinical relevance in adults. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg
17:77-83, 2000.
62. Van Norman GA, Patel MA, Chandler W, Vocelka C:
Effects of hemofiltration on serum aprotinin levels in
patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. J Car-
diothorac Vasc Anesth 14:253-256, 2000.
63. Tassani P, Richter JA, Eising GP, et al: Influence of
combined zero-balanced and modified ultrafiltration
on the systemic inflammatory response during coro-
nary artery bypass grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc
Anesth 13:285-291, 1999.
64. Babka RM, Petress J, Briggs R, et al: Conventional
haemofiltration during routine coronary bypass
surgery. Perfusion 12:187-192, 1997.
65. Despotis GJ, Levine V, Filos KS, et al: Hemofiltration
during cardiopulmonary bypass: The effect on anti-Xa
2734
Cuidados críticos
VII