1122 / 2894
53. Qaddoura FE, Abel MD, Mecklenburg KL, et al: Role
of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography
in patients having coronary artery bypass graft
surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 78:1586–1590, 2004.
54. Click RL, Abel MD, Schaff HV: Intraoperative transe-
sophageal echocardiography: 5-year prospective
review of impact on surgical management. Mayo Clin
Proc 75:241–247, 2000.
55. Mishra M, Chauhan R, Sharma KK, et al: Real-time
intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography—
how useful? Experience of 5,016 cases. J Cardiothorac
Vasc Anesth 12:625–632, 1998.
56. Mihalatos DG, Gopal AS, Kates R, et al: Intraopera-
tive assessment of mitral regurgitation: Role of phen-
ylephrine challenge. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 19:1158–
1164, 2006.
57. Schroder JN, Williams ML, Hata JA, et al: Impact of
mitral valve regurgitation evaluated by intraoperative
transesophageal echocardiography on long-term
outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. Cir-
culation 112:I293–I298, 2005.
58. Buckmaster MJ, Kearney PA, Johnson SB, et al:
Further experience with transesophageal echocardio-
graphy in the evaluation of thoracic aortic injury.
J Trauma 37:989–995, 1994.
59. Vignon P, Gueret P, Vedrinne JM, et al: Role of tran-
sesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis and
management of traumatic aortic disruption. Circula-
tion 92:2959–2968, 1995.
60. Erbel R, Engberding R, Daniel W, et al: Echocardio-
graphy in diagnosis of aortic dissection. Lancet
1:457–461, 1989.
61. Torossov M, Singh A, Fein SA: Clinical presentation,
diagnosis, and hospital outcome of patients with
documented aortic dissection: The Albany Medical
Center experience, 1986 to 1996. Am Heart J
137:154–161, 1999.
62. Nienaber CA, von Kodolitsch Y, Nicolas V, et al: The
diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive
imaging procedures. N Engl J Med 328:1–9, 1993.
63. Movsowitz HD, Levine RA, Hilgenberg AD, Isselba-
cher EM: Transesophageal echocardiographic des-
cription of the mechanisms of aortic regurgitation in
acute type A aortic dissection: Implications for aortic
valve repair. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:884–890, 2000.
64. Katz ES, Tunick PA, Rusinek H, et al: Protruding
aortic atheromas predict stroke in elderly patients
undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: Experience
with intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogra-
phy. J Am Coll Cardiol 20:70–77, 1992.
65. Gold JP, Torres KE, Maldarelli W, et al: Improving
outcomes in coronary surgery: The impact of echo-
directed aortic cannulation and perioperative hemo-
dynamic management in 500 patients. Ann Thorac
Surg 78:1579–1585, 2004.
66. Hartman GS, Yao FS, Bruefach MR, et al: Severity of
aortic atheromatous disease diagnosed by transe-
sophageal echocardiography predicts stroke and other
outcomes associated with coronary artery surgery: A
prospective study. Anesth Analg 83:701–708, 1996.
67. Konstadt SN, Reich DL, Kahn R, Viggiani RF: Tran-
sesophageal echocardiography can be used to screen
for ascending aortic atherosclerosis. Anesth Analg
81:25–28, 1995.
68. Trehan N, Mishra M, Kasliwal RR, Mishra A: Reduced
neurological injury during CABG in patients with
mobile aortic atheromas: A five-year follow-up study.
Ann Thorac Surg 70:1558–1564, 2000.
69. Mishra M, Malhotra R, Karlekar A, et al: Propensity
case-matched analysis of off-pump versus on-pump
coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with athe-
romatous aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 82:608–614, 2006.
70. Agricola E, Oppizzi M, Maisano F, et al: Detection of
mechanisms of immediate failure by transesophageal
echocardiography in quadrangular resection mitral
valve repair technique for severe mitral regurgitation.
Am J Cardiol 91:175–179, 2003.
71. Shin HJ, Lee YJ, Choo SJ, et al: Analysis of recurrent
mitral regurgitation after mitral valve repair. Asian
Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 13:261–266, 2005.
72. Brown ML, Abel MD, Click RL, et al: Systolic anterior
motion after mitral valve repair: Is surgical interven-
tion necessary? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 133:136–
143, 2007.
73. Shapira Y, Vaturi M, Weisenberg DE, et al: Impact of
intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in
patients undergoing valve replacement. Ann Thorac
Surg 78:579–583, 2004.
74. Hoffmann R, Flachskampf FA, Hanrath P: Planimetry
of orifice area in aortic stenosis using multiplane tran-
sesophageal echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol
22:529–534, 1993.
75. Blumberg FC, Pfeifer M, Holmer SR, et al: Transgas-
tric Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the
severity of aortic stenosis using multiplane transe-
sophageal echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 79:1273–
1275, 1997.
76. Moisa RB, Zeldis SM, Alper SA, Scott WC: Aortic
regurgitation in coronary artery bypass grafting:
Implications for cardioplegia administration. Ann
Thorac Surg 60:665–668, 1995.
77. Stoddard MF, Prince CR, Tuman WL, Wagner SG:
Angle of incidence does not affect accuracy of mitral
stenosis area calculation by pressure half-time: Appli-
cation to Doppler transesophageal echocardiography.
Am Heart J 127:1562–1572, 1994.
78. Himelman RB, Kusumoto F, Oken K, et al: The flail
mitral valve: Echocardiographic findings by precor-
dial and transesophageal imaging and Doppler color
flow mapping. J Am Coll Cardiol 17:272–279, 1991.
79. Klein AL, Obarski TP, Stewart WJ, et al: Transesopha-
geal Doppler echocardiography of pulmonary venous
flow: A new marker of mitral regurgitation severity.
J Am Coll Cardiol 18:518–526, 1991.
80. Savage RM, Lytle BW, Aronson S, et al: Intraoperative
echocardiography is indicated in high risk coronary
bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 64:368–373, 1997.
81. Stevenson JG, Sorensen GK, Gartman DM, et al:
Transesophageal echocardiography during repair of
congenital cardiac defects: Identification of residual
problems necessitating reoperation. J Am Soc Echo-
cardiogr 6:356–365, 1993.
82. Stevenson JG: Adherence to physician training guide-
lines for pediatric transesophageal echocardiography
affects the outcome of patients undergoing repair of
congenital cardiac defects. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
12:165–172, 1999.
83. Russell IA, Rouine-Rapp K, Stratmann G, Miller-
Hance WC: Congenital heart disease in the adult: A
review with Internet-accessible transesophageal
echocardiographic images. Anesth Analg 102:694–
723, 2006.
84. Chumnanvej S, Wood MJ, MacGillivray TE, Melo
MF: Perioperative echocardiographic examination
for ventricular assist device implantation. Anesth
Analg 105:583–601, 2007.
85. Shanewise JS, Zaffer R, Martin RP: Intraoperative
echocardiography and minimally invasive cardiac
surgery. Echocardiography 19:579–582, 2002.
86. Schulmeyer MC, Santelices E, Vega R, Schmied S:
Impact of intraoperative transesophageal echocardio-
graphy during noncardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac
Vasc Anesth 20:768–771, 2006.
87. Burns JM, Sing RF, Mostafa G, et al: The role of tran-
sesophageal echocardiography in optimizing resusci-
tation in acutely injured patients. J Trauma 59:36–40,
2005, discussion 40-42.
88. Denault AY, Couture P, McKenty S, et al: Periopera-
tive use of transesophageal echocardiography by
anesthesiologists: Impact in noncardiac surgery and
in the intensive care unit. Can J Anaesth 49:287–
293, 2002.
89. Porembka DT: Importance of transesophageal echo-
cardiography in the critically ill and injured patient.
Crit Care Med 35:S414–S430, 2007.
90. Mathew JP, Glas K, Troianos CA, et al: ASE/SCA
recommendations and guidelines for continuous
quality improvement in perioperative echocardiogra-
phy. Anesth Analg 103:1416–1425, 2006.
1122
Control de la anestesia
III