Miller Anestesia

Farmacología pulmonar

359

Sección II

Farmacología y anestesia

185. McKay RE, Bostrom A, Balea MC, McKay WR:

Airway responses during desflurane versus sevoflu-

rane administration via a laryngeal mask airway in

smokers. Anesth Analg 103:1147, 2006.

186. Weiskopf RB, Eger EI III, Daniel M, Noorani M:

Cardiovascular stimulation induced by rapid

increases in desflurane concentration in humans

results from activation of tracheopulmonary and

systemic receptors. Anesthesiology 83:1173, 1995.

187. Ochiai R, Guthrie RD, Motoyama EK: Effects of

varying concentrations of halothane on the activity

of the genioglossus, intercostals, and diaphragm in

cats: An electromyographic study. Anesthesiology

70:812, 1989.

188. Nishino T, Kochi T, Yonezawa T, et al: Responses of

recurrent laryngeal,hypoglossal,and phrenic nerves

to increasing depths of anesthesia with halothane or

enflurane in vagotomized cats. Anesthesiology

63:404, 1985.

189. Eastwood PR, Szollosi I, Platt PR, Hillman DR:

Collapsibility of the upper airway during anesthesia

with isoflurane. Anesthesiology 97:786, 2002.

190. Evans RG, Crawford MW, Noseworthy MD,Yoo S-J:

Effect of increasing depth of propofol anesthesia on

upper airway configuration in children.Anesthesio-

logy 99:596, 2003.

191. StuckeAG,Stuth EAE,Tonkovic-CapinV,et al:Effects

of halothane and sevoflurane on inhibitory neuro-

transmission to medullary expiratory neurons in a

decerebrate dog model. Anesthesiology 96:955, 2002.

192. Brandes IF, Zuperku EJ, Stucke AG, et al: Isoflurane

depresses the response of inspiratory hypoglossal

motoneurons to serotonin in vivo. Anesthesiology

106:736, 2007.

193. Warner DO, Warner MA, Ritman EL: Mechanical

significance of respiratory muscle activity in

humans during halothane anesthesia. Anesthesio-

logy 84:309, 1996.

194. Warner DO,Warner MA, Ritman EL: Human chest

wall function while awake and during halothane

anesthesia. I. Quiet breathing. Anesthesiology 82:6,

1995.

195. Warner DO, Warner MA, Ritman EL: Atelectasis

and chest wall shape during halothane anesthesia.

Anesthesiology 85:49, 1996.

196. Warner DO: Diaphragm function during anesthe-

sia: Still crazy after all these years. Anesthesiology

97:295, 2002.

197. Stuth EAE, Tonkovic-Capin M, Kampine JP, et al:

Dose-dependent effects of isoflurane on the CO

responses of expiratory medullary neurons and the

phrenic nerve activities in dogs. Anesthesiology

76:763, 1992.

198. Stuth EAE, Tonkovic-Capin M, Kampine JP, et al:

Dose-dependent effects of halothane on expiratory

and inspiratory bulbospinal neurons and the

phrenic nerve activities in dogs. Anesthesiology

81:1470, 1994.

199. Stucke AG, Stuth EAE, Tonkovic-Capin V, et al:

Effects of sevoflurane on excitatory neurotransmis-

sion to medullary expiratory neurons and on

phrenic nerve activity in a decerebrate dog model.

Anesthesiology 95:485, 2001.

200. Kochi T, Ide T, Isono S, et al: Different effects of

halothane and enflurane on diaphragmatic contrac-

tility in vivo. Anesth Analg 70: 1990.

201. Ide T,Kochi T,Isono S,et al: Diaphragmatic function

during sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. Can J

Anaesth 38:116, 1991.

202. Warner DO,Warner MA, Joyner MJ, et al: The effect

of nitrous oxide on chest wall function in humans

and dogs. Anesth Analg 86:1058, 1998.

203. Correa FCF, Ciminelli PB, Falcao H, et al: Respira-

tory mechanics and lung histology in normal rats

anesthetized with sevoflurane.JAppl Physiol 91:803,

2001.

204. Ruiz P, Chartrand D: The effect of isoflurane 0.6%

on respiratory mechanics in anesthetized-paralyzed

humans is not increased at concentrations of 0. 9%

and 1. 2%. Can J Anaesth 50:67, 2003.

205. Isono S, Nishino T, Sugimori K, et al: Respiratory

effects of expiratory flow–resistive loading in cons-

cious and anesthetized humans. Anesth Analg

70:594, 1990.

206. Hendrickx JFA, Carette R, Lemmens HJM, De Wolf

AM: Large volume N

O uptake alone does not

explain the second gas effect of N

O on sevoflurane

during constant inspired ventilation. Br J Anaesth

96:391, 2005.

207. Sakata DJ, Golapakrishnan NA, Orr JA, et al: Rapid

recovery from sevoflurane and desflurane with

hypercapnia and hyperventilation. Anesth Analg

105:79, 2007.

208. Sakata DJ,Golapakrishnan NA,Orr JA,et al: Hyper-

capnic hyperventilation shortens emergence time

from isoflurane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 104:587,

2007.

209. Guracha Boru K, Drummond GB: Comparison of

breathing methods for inhalation induction of

anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 83:650, 1999.

210. Pancaro C, Giovannoni S, Toscano A, Peduto VA:

Apnea during induction of anesthesia with sevoflu-

rane is related to its mode of administration. Can J

Anaesth 52:591, 2005.

211. Groeben H, Meier S, Tankersley CG, et al: Influence

of volatile anaesthetics on hypercapnoeic ventila-

tory responses in mice with blunted respiratory

drive. Br J Anaesth 92:697, 2004.

212. Dahan A, van den Elsen MJLJ, Berkenbosch A, et al:

Effects of subanesthetic halothane on the ventila-

tory responses to hypercapnia and acute hypoxia in

healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 80:727, 1994.

213. Dahan A, Teppema L: Influence of low-dose anaes-

thetic agents on ventilatory control: Where do we

stand? Br J Anaesth 83:199, 1999.

214. Pandit JJ, Manning-Fox J, Dorringtion KL, et al:

Effects of subanaesthetic sevoflurane on ventilation.

1: Response to acute and sustained hypercapnia in

humans. Br J Anaesth 83:204, 1999.

215. Warner DO, Warner MA: Human chest wall

function while awake and during halothane anes-

thesia. II. Carbon dioxide rebreathing. Anesthesio-

logy 82:20, 1995.

216. Stuth EAE, Dogas Z, Krolo M, et al: Effects of halo-

thane on the phrenic nerve responses to carbon

dioxide mediated by the carotid body chemorecep-

tors in vagotomized dogs. Anesthesiology 87:1440,

1997.

217. Pandit JJ, Moreau B, Donoghue S, Robbins PA:

Effect of pain and audiovisual stimulation on the

depression of acute hypoxic ventilatory response by

low-dose halothane in humans. Anesthesiology

101:1409, 2004.

218. Teppema LJ, Romber RR, Dahan A: Antioxidants

reverse reduction of the human hypoxic ventilatory

response by subanesthetic isoflurane. Anesthesio-

logy 102:747, 2005.

219. Davies RO, Edwards MW Jr, Lahiri S: halothane

depresses the response to carotid body chemore-

ceptors to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the cat.

Anesthesiology 57:153, 1982.

220. Stuth EAE, Dogas Z, Krolo M, et al: Dose-depen-

dent effects of halothane on the phrenic nerve res-

ponses to acute hypoxia in vagotomized dogs.

Anesthesiology 87:1428, 1997.

221. Mohan R, Duffin J: The effect of hypoxia on the

ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in man.

Respir Physiol 108:101, 1997.

222. Kline DD, Yang T, Huang PL, et al: Altered respira-

tory responses to hypoxia in mutant mice deficient

in neuronal nitric oxide synthase. J Physiol 511:273,

1998.

223. Zanzinger J, Czachurski J, Seller H: Nitric oxide in

the ventrolateral medulla regulates sympathetic res-

ponses to systemic hypoxia in pigs. Am J Physiol

Regul Integr Comp Physiol 275:R33, 1998.

224. Morray JP, Nobel R, Bennet L, et al: The effect of

halothane on phrenic and chemoreceptor responses

to hypoxia in anesthetized kittens. Anesth Analg

83:329, 1996.

225. Maxova H,Vizek M: Ventilatory response to sustai-

ned hypoxia in carotid body denervated rats.

Physiol Res 50:327, 2001.

226. Pandit JJ: Effect of low dose inhaled anaesthetic

agents on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide

in humans: A quantitative review. Anaesthesia

60:461, 2005.

227. Pandit JJ, Mannington-Fox J, Dorringtion KL, et al:

Effects of subaenesthetic sevoflurane on ventilation.

2: Response to acute and sustained hypoxia in

humans. Br J Anaesth 83:210, 1999.

228. Temp JA, Henson LC,Ward DS: Effect of a subanes-

thetic minimum alveolar concentration of isoflu-

rane on two tests of the hypoxic ventilatory

response. Anesthesiology 80:739, 1994.

229. Nagyova B, Dorrington KL, Poulin MJ, et al:

Influence of 0. 2 minimum alveolar concentration

of enflurane on the ventilatory response to sustai-

ned hypoxia in humans. Br J Anaesth 78:707, 1997.

230. Dahan A, Sarton E, van den Elsen M, et al: Ventila-

tory response to hypoxia in humans. Influences of

subanesthetic desflurane. Anesthesiology 85:60,

1996.

231. Pandit JJ: The variable effect of low-dose volatile

anaesthetics on the acute ventilatory response to

hypoxia in humans: A quantitative review. Anaes-

thesia 57:632, 2002.

232. Gropper MA,Wiener-Kronsh J: The alveolar epithe-

lium: Suspect or innocent bystander? Anesthesio-

logy 98:3, 2003.

233. Whitehead TC, Zhang H, Mullen B, Slutsky AS:

Effect of mechanical ventilation on cytokine res-

ponse to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide. Anesthe-

siology 101:52, 2004.

234. Hu G, Schwartz DE, Shajahan AN, et al: Isoflurane,

but not sevoflurane, increases transendothelial

albumin permeability in the isolated rat lung.Anes-

thesiology 104:777, 2006.

235. Reutershan J, Chang D, Hayes JK, Ley K: Protective

effects of isoflurane pretreatment in endotoxin-in-

duced lung injury. Anesthesiology 104:511, 2006.

236. Koizumi T, Ogasawara H,Yamamoto H, et al: Effect

of ONO1714, a specific inducible nitric oxide syn-

thase inhibitor, on lung lymph filtration and gas

exchange during endotoxemia in unanesthetized

sheep. Anesthesiology 101:59, 2004.

237. Warner DO: Perioperative abstinence from cigaret-

tes: Physiologic and clinical consequences.Anesthe-

siology 104:356, 2006.

238. Takala RSK, Soukka H, Salo MS, et al: Pulmonary

inflammatory mediators after sevoflurane and thio-

pentone anaesthesia in pigs. Acta Anaesthesiol

Scand 48:40, 2004.

239. Kotani N, Takahashi S, Sessler DI, et al: Volatile

anesthetics augment expression of proinflamma-

tory cytokines in rat alveolar macrophages by

mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology 91:187,

1999.

240. Nader-Djalal N, Knight P, Bacon MF, et al: Altera-

tions in the course of acid-induced lung injury in

rats after general anesthesia: Volatile anesthetics

versus ketamine. Anesth Analg 86:141, 1998.