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Misadventures in Anesthesia. Toronto, University of

Toronto Press, 1978, p 8.

28. Stassou A: Two Die in Hospital Mix-up.New Haven,

CT,WTHN News, 1/16/2002, 11:05 pm. Available at

http://www.wtnh.com/Global/story.asp?S=624589

.

Accessed 11/6/2004.

29. Serlin S: Check your tanks [letter]. Anesth Analg

98:870, 2004.

30. Adriani J: Clinical application of physical principles

concerning gases and vapor to anesthesiology.

In

Adriani J (ed): The Chemistry and Physics of Anes-

thesia, 2nd ed. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas,

1962, p 58.

31. Atlas G: A method to quickly estimate remaining

time for an oxygen E-cylinder. Anesth Analg

98:1190, 2004.

32. Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG: Flowme-

ters.

In

Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG

(eds): Physics for the Anaesthetist, 3rd ed. Oxford,

Blackwell Scientific, 1963, pp 196.

33. Schreiber P: Safety Guidelines for Anesthesia

Systems. Telford, PA, North American Dräger, 1984.

34. Eger EI II, Epstein RM: Hazards of anesthetic equi-

pment. Anesthesiology 24:490, 1964.

35. Eger EI II, Hylton RR, Irwin RH, et al: Anesthetic

flowmeter sequence—a cause for hypoxia.Anesthe-

siology 24:396, 1963.

36. Mazze RI: Therapeutic misadventures with oxygen

delivery systems. The need for continuous in-line

oxygen monitors. Anesth Analg 51:787, 1972.

37. Cheng CJ, Garewal DS: A failure of the chain link

mechanism of the Ohmeda Excel 210 anesthetic

Machine. Anesth Analg 92:913, 2001.

38.

LohmanG:Fault

with anOhmeda Excel 410machine

[letter and response]. Anaesthesia 46:695, 1991.

39. Kidd AG, Hall I: Fault with an Ohmeda Excel 210

anesthetic machine [letter and response].Anaesthe-

sia 49:83, 1994.

40. Paine GF, Kochan JJ: Failure of the chain link

mechanism of the Ohmeda Excel 210 anesthesia

machine [letter]. Anesth Analg 94:1374, 2002.

41. Richards C: Failure of a nitrous oxide–oxygen pro-

portioning device. Anesthesiology 71:997, 1989.

42. Abraham ZA,Basagoitia B:A potentially lethal anes-

thesia machine failure. Anesthesiology 66:589, 1987.

43. Neubarth J: Another hazardous gas supply miscon-

nection [letter]. Anesth Analg 80:206, 1995.

44. Gaughan SD, Benumof JL, Ozaki GT: Can an anes-

thesia machine flush valve provide for effective jet

ventilation? Anesth Analg 76:800, 1993.

45. Anderson CE, Rendell-Baker L: Exposed O

2

flush

hazard. Anesthesiology 56:328, 1982.

46. Internal leakage from anesthesia unit flush valves.

Health Devices 10:172, 1981.

47. Andrews JJ: Understanding your anesthesia

machine and ventilator. In: 1989 Review Course

Lectures. Cleveland, OH, International Anesthesia

Research Society, 1989, p 59.

48. Dorsch JA, Dorsch SE: Vaporizers (anesthetic agent

delivery devices). In Dorsch JA, Dorsch SE (eds):

Understanding Anesthesia Machines, 4th ed. Balti-

more, Williams & Wilkins, 1999, pp 121.

49. Macintosh R,MushinWW,Epstein HG:Vapor pres-

sure.

In

Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG

(eds): Physics for the Anaesthetist, 3rd ed. Oxford,

Blackwell Scientific, 1963, p 68.

50. Adriani J: Principles of physics and chemistry of

solids and fluids applicable to anesthesiology. In

Adriani J (ed): The Chemistry and Physics of Anes-

thesia, 2nd ed. Springfield, IL, Charles C Thomas,

1962, p 7.

51. Korman B, Richie IM: Chemistry of halothane-

enflurane mixtures applied to anesthesia. Anesthe-

siology 63:152, 1985.

52. Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG: Vaporiza-

tion. In Macintosh R, Mushin WW, Epstein HG

(eds): Physics for the Anaesthetist, 3rd ed. Oxford,

Blackwell Scientific, 1963, p 26.

53. Schreiber P: Anaesthetic equipment: Performance,

Classification, and Safety. New York, Springer-

Verlag, 1972.

54. Hill DW, Lowe HJ: Comparison of concentration of

halothane in closed and semi-closed circuits during

controlled ventilation. Anesthesiology 23:291, 1962.

55. Hill DW: The design and calibration of vaporizers

for volatile anaesthesia agents.

In

Scurr C, Feldman

S (eds): Scientific Foundations of Anaesthesia,

3rd ed. London, William Heineman, 1982, p 544.

56. Hill DW: The design and calibration of vaporizers

for volatile anaesthetic agents. Br J Anaesth 40:648,

1968.

57. Morris LE: Problems in the performance of anes-

thesia vaporizers. Int Anesthesiol Clin 12:199,

1974.

58. Stoelting RK: The effects of nitrous oxide on halo-

thane output from Fluotec Mark 2 vaporizers.Anes-

thesiology 35:215, 1971.

59. Diaz PD: The influence of carrier gas on the output

of automatic vaporizers. Br J Anaesth 48:387, 1976.

60. Nawaf K, Stoelting RK: Nitrous oxide increases

enflurane concentrations delivered by ethrane

vaporizers. Anesth Analg 58:30, 1979.

61. Prins L, Strupat J, Clement J: An evaluation of gas

density dependence of anaesthetic vaporizers. Can

Anaesth Soc J 27:106, 1980.

62. Lin CY: Assessment of vaporizer performance in

low-flow and closed-circuit anesthesia. Anesth

Analg 59:359, 1980.

63. Gould DB, Lampert BA, MacKrell TN: Effect of

nitrous oxide solubility on vaporizer aberrance.

Anesth Analg 61:938, 1982.

64. Palayiwa E, Sanderson MH, Hahn CEW: Effects of

carrier gas composition on the output of six anaes-

thetic vaporizers. Br J Anaesth 55:1025, 1983.

65. Scheller MS, Drummond JC: Solubility of N

2

O in

volatile anesthetics contributes to vaporizer abe-

rrancy when changing carrier gases. Anesth Analg

65:88, 1986.

66. Karis JH, Menzel DB: Inadvertent change of volatile

anesthetics in anesthesia machines. Anesth Analg

61:53, 1982.

67. Riegle EV, Desertspring D: Failure of the agent-

specific filling device [letter].Anesthesiology 73:353,

1990.

68. George TM: Failure of keyed agent-specific filling

devices. Anesthesiology 61:228, 1984.

69. Broka SM, Gourdange PA, Joucken KL: Sevoflurane

and desflurane confusion. Anesth Analg 88:1194,

1999.

70. Lippmann M, ForanW, Ginsburg R, et al: Contami-

nation of anesthetic vaporizer contents.Anesthesio-

logy 78:1175, 1993.

71. Munson WM: Cardiac arrest: A hazard of tipping a

vaporizer. Anesthesiology 26:235, 1965.

72. Sinclair A: Vaporizer overfilling. Can J Anaesth

40:77, 1993.

73. Seropian MA, Robins B: Smaller than expected

sevoflurane concentrations using the SevoTec 5

vaporizer at low fill states and high fresh gas glows.

Anesth Analg 91:834, 2000.

74. Meister GC, Becker KE Jr: Potential fresh gas flow

leak through Dräger Vapor 19.1 vaporizer with key-

index fill port. Anesthesiology 78:211, 1993.

75. Zimmer C, Janssen M, Treschan T, Peters J: Near-

miss accident during magnetic resonance imaging.

Anesthesiology 100:1329, 2004.

76. Andrews JJ, Johnston RV Jr: The new Tec 6 desflu-

rane vaporizer. Anesth Analg 76:1338, 1993.

77. Weiskopf RB, Sampson D, Moore MA: The desflu-

rane (Tec 6) vaporizer: Design, design considera-

tions and performance evaluation. Br J Anaesth

72:474, 1994.

78. Eger EI: New inhaled anesthetics. Anesthesiology

80:906, 1994.

79. Susay SR, Smith MA, Lockwood GG: The saturated

vapor pressure of desflurane at various temperatu-

res. Anesth Analg 83:864, 1996.

80. Johnston RV Jr, Andrews JJ: The effects of carrier

gas composition on the performance of the Tec 6

desflurane vaporizer. Anesth Analg 79:548, 1994.

81. Andrews JJ, Johnston RV Jr, Kramer GC: Conse-

quences of misfilling contemporary vaporizers with

desflurane. Can J Anaesth 40:71, 1993.

82. Rupani G: Refilling a Tec 6 desflurane vaporizer

[letter]. Anesth Analg 96:1526, 2003.

83. Hendrickx JF, Carette RM, Deloof T, et al: Severe

ADU desflurane vaporizing unit malfunction.

Anesthesiology 99:1459, 2003.

84. Mapleson WW: The elimination of rebreathing in

various semiclosed anaesthetic systems.Br JAnaesth

26:323, 1954.

85. Willis BA,Pender JW,MaplesonWW: Rebreathing in

a T-piece: Volunteer and theoretical studies of the

Jackson-Rees modification of Ayre’s T-piece during

spontaneous respiration. Br J Anaesth 47:1239, 1975.

86. Rose DK, Froese AB: The regulation of Paco

2

during controlled ventilation of children with a

T-piece. Canad Anaesth Soc J 26:104, 1979.

87. Froese AB, Rose DK: A detailed analysis of T-piece

systems.

In

Steward DJ (ed): Some Aspects of Pae-

diatric Anaesthesia. Amsterdam, Elsevier North-

Holland Biomedical Press, 1982, p 101.

88. Sykes MK: Rebreathing circuits: A review. Br J

Anaesth 40:666, 1968.

89. Dorsch JA, Dorsch SE: The breathing system II. The

Mapleson systems.

In

Dorsch JA, Dorsch SE (eds):

Understanding Anesthesia Equipment, 2nd ed. Bal-

timore, Williams & Wilkins, 1984, p 182.

90. Bain JA, Spoerel WE: A streamlined anaesthetic

system. Can Anaesth Soc J 19:426, 1972.

91. Aarhus D, Holst-Larsen E, Holst-Larsen H: Mecha-

nical obstruction in the anaesthesia delivery-system

mimicking severe bronchospasm. Anaesthesia

52:992, 1997.

92. Pethick SL: Letter to the editor. Can Anaesth Soc J

22:115, 1975.

93. Moyers J: A nomenclature for methods of inhala-

tion anesthesia. Anesthesiology 14:609, 1953.

94. Eger EI II: Anesthetic systems: Construction and

function.

In

Eger EI II (ed): Anesthetic Uptake and

Action. Baltimore,Williams &Wilkins, 1974, p 206.

95. Eger EI II, Ethans CT: The effects of inflow, overflow

and valve placement on economy of the circle

system. Anesthesiology 29:93, 1968.

96. Smith CR, Otworth JR, Kaluszyk GSW: Bilateral

tension pneumothorax due to a defective anesthesia

breathing circuit filter. J Clin Anesth 3:229, 1991.

97. McEwan AI, Dowell L, Karis JH: Bilateral tension

pneumothorax caused by a blocked bacterial filter

in an anesthesia breathing circuit. Anesth Analg

76:440, 1993.

98. Walton JS, Fears R, Burt N, Dorman BH: Intraope-

rative breathing circuit obstruction caused by albu-

terol nebulization. Anesth Analg 89:650, 1999.

99. Chacon A, Kuczkowski K, Sanchez R: Unusual case

of breathing circuit obstruction: Plastic packaging

revisited [letter]. Anesthesiology 100:753, 2004.

100. Dhar P, George I, Sloan P: Flow transducer gas leak

detected after induction.Anesth Analg 89:1587, 1999.

101. Kanno T,Aso C,Saito S,et al:A combustive destruc-

tion of expiration valve in an anesthetic circuit.

Anesthesiology 98:577, 2003.

Sistemas de administración de los anestésicos inhalatorios

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Sección II

Farmacología y anestesia

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